Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in school children aged 6 to 11 years in Lviv (Ukraine). The aim of this study was also to assess the effect of nutritional intervention and supplementation on serum calcium and vitamin D levels in children diagnosed with calcium deficiency. A 3 day diet was analyzed in 172 children. In 56 children with a deficiency of calcium and/or vitamin D, the level of total calcium, ionized calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood, as well as the calcium content in hair samples, was determined. Thirty children with confirmed calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency underwent a dietary intervention to increase calcium and vitamin D intake for 3 months. The study group (n = 15) was provided with a nutritional correction by modifying their diet with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. The control group (n = 15) received only a diet modification. Decreased daily calcium intake was observed in 50.68% of boys and 70.71% of girls. A decreased level of daily vitamin D consumption was found in 84.93% of boys and 96.97% of girls. Among 56 children with insufficient daily consumption of calcium and/or vitamin D, 26.8% had reduced levels of total calcium in the blood, 16.1% had reduced levels of ionized calcium in the blood, and 48.2% had reduced levels of vitamin D. After 3 months of correction, normal calcium level was found in the hair of 10 students (66.7%) from the study group and in three subjects (20.0%) from the control group. Modification of the diet along with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D seems to be a more effective method for increasing the level of calcium among children aged 6 to 11 years.
Introduction. The range of medicines with various trade names is extremely large and constantly growing. This is the reason for inadequate selection of medicines and medical errors. The aim: To study the problems of the modern state of medicines naming and to determine the ways of its solution. Materials and methods. General scientific methods of cognition are used: analysis and synthesis, abstraction, deduction, modeling, generalization. The materials were publications from the Google Scholar and PubMed electronic search systems, the Crossref bibliographic database for the period 1984-2024. The following keywords were chosen: medicine and drug, naming, international nonproprietary names, trade name, original drug, generic, brand, branded generic, chemical name, medication error, drug information. Results. It was found that the huge number of trade names of medicinal products causes informational problems with possible clinical consequences. Today, there is no international regulatory system that would guarantee that the trade names of medicines from different manufacturers from different countries differed enough to avoid the risk of incorrect prescriptions due to confusion of their names. It is obvious that the breadth of the modern pharmaceutical market and the huge number of trade names of medicines on it are the reasons for their inadequate selection and medical errors. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study of the problems of the modern system of drug names, the possibility of errors in the use of drugs due to the similarity of their trade names, it is proposed to create, under the auspices of the WHO, a single global system of trade names of drugs based on the globally accepted system of international non-proprietary names, which consists of that the trade name must contain the international non-proprietary name and the name of the manufacturer. The unified global system of trade names of medicines will allow the doctor, pharmacist and patient to choose a generic medicine with a high-quality composition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and auxiliary substances.
The relevance of the problem of urticaria is generally recognized. The chronic infection foci, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms, etc. are among the factors that initiate the manifestation of the disease. However, the studies devoted to evaluation of the endocrine glands in such patients remain unaddressed. Although it is known that, in particular, the thyroid gland takes an active part in the development of allergic dermatoses. Objective: To study the thyroid hormone balance in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is one of the most severe reactions of the body to
the action of various xenobiotics with necrosis of the epidermis, mucous membranes and damage to internal
organs, which is accompanied by profound disorders of hemodynamics and homeostasis, often leading to death.
A wide range of bioregulatory effects of nitric oxide, in particular, participation in the development and course of
allergic inflammation (cytotoxic, immunocomplex reactions), suggest the participation of nitric oxide in the
pathogenesis of TEN
Introduction & Objectives: . The most common in dermatological practice are psoriasis and acne, the
pathogenesis of which today is considered from the standpoint of immunopathological diseases. The article
analyses features of anamnesis, clinical, instrumental and laboratory tests related to chronic dermatitis (acne,
psoriasis, arthropathic psoriasis (АР)), considers the relationship of probable mechanisms of disease aggravation
and progression.
Objective. The objective of our work was to improve the diagnostics of common chronic dermatoses (acne,
psoriasis, АР) taking into account some indicators of the immune system and features of the disease course to
specify their role in pathogenesis of these disease.