Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA, Still’s disease) in children was first described by George Frederick
Still in 1896 in Great Britain. In 1971 E.G. Bywaters identified and described in detail the adult form-the
so-called adult-onset Still’s disease. This was an important step in distinguishing between children’s and
adults’ manifestations of the disease, and since then the world literature has clearly differentiated juvenile
and adult forms, although modern recommendations (EULAR/PReS 2024) treat them as a single spectrum-
Still’s disease. sJIA is a rare systemic inflammatory disease, diagnosed based on clinical signs and supported by laboratory and instrumental findings; it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. In the treatment strategy for sJIA, nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids are widely used for anti‑inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic purposes. Recent clinical trials have shown positive results in the use of new pharmacotherapeutic
agents, such as monoclonal antibodies and anti-interleukin drugs. The optimal therapeutic strategy is the early
use of interleukins (IL-1 or IL-6 inhibitors) in combination with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants
(e.g., cyclosporine A, methotrexate) in severe cases or in Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS).
The prognosis of sJIA varies among different children: some patients recover completely after a certain
time, some have a relapsing course with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission, and about half
of the patients have a long‑term course of the disease. This article presents a clinical case of sJIA in an
eleven‑month‑old child.