Introduction: The cervical screening goal is to detect and treat precancers before cancer. We wanted to understand why errors in the clinical diagnostic and management of patients with persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV); infection occur in gynecological practice.
Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate 3 clinically important complications of situations for women aged 18-45 years. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy by colposcopy visualization, cytology and biopsy results, and presence of HPV infection. We aimed to analyze the false-negative (FN) cytology diagnoses inpatients with presence of HPV, colposcopy visualization, histologically proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3.
Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of errors in the management of patients was carried out, in treatment methods, especially with the use of cryodestruction, colposcopy pictures, results of cytological and histological conclusion, results of examination for oncogenic types of papillomavirus were presented.
Discussion: After analyzing all errors in the management of patients with persistence of papillomavirus and preliminary cryotherapy of the cervix, the main reasons that led to the progression of the disease up to cervical cancer were noted.
Conclusion: In the presence of papillomavirus, cryodestruction of the cervix is not advisable, even if no cervical dysplasia was detected by histological conclusions

The aim: To investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin level and the presence of the APS in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriages.
Materials and methods: Fifty six women aged 22-38 (median 27) years with a history of spontaneous miscarriages were divided into two groups: 33 women with the APS and 23 without. Patients were tested for the presence of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1, antiphospholipid antibodies and genetic thrombophilic defects.
Results: Groups were comparable by age, blood pressure, BMI, co-morbidity (anemia, heart abnormality, thyroid disease, overweight). Median serum total bilirubin levels were 7,2 μmol/L (interquartile range [5,8-9,7]) in women with the APS and 10,5 μmol/L (interquartile range [7,5-15,1]) in control group, p=0.005. The chance of detecting a total bilirubin level of less than 8 μmol/L is 4.1 times higher in the APS patients than in the control group (OR 4,1; 95% CI 1,274-13,213). Logistic regression analysis found a statistically significant association between total bilirubin and the presence of the APS (odds ratio, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.734-0.997, p =0.046). Patients with the APS had elevated serum C-reactive protein (medians 2,3 vs 1,1 mg/L, p=0.01) and fibrinogen (medians 2,8 vs 2,5 g/L, p=0.006) levels compared with controls. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between all types of bilirubin and inflammatory markers.
Conclusions: All types of serum bilirubin (total, direct and indirect) are significantly reduced in women with APS, associated with higher inflammatory markers and lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which may be the result of oxidative stress.

The aim: To study the epidemiological situation of ascariasis among women with pathology of the reproductive system on the basis of a literature database (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, PLoS, Hindawi) and to present our experience with ascariasis and pathology of reproductive system.
Materials and methods: We investigated parasitic invasions in 174 women reproductive losses and 186 patients with primary infertility.
Results: The results performed in women with infertility and reproductive losses have proved the role of parasitic infection in the emergence of disorders of hormonal homeostasis, endothelial-lymphocytic dysfunction, severe vaginal and intestinal dysbiosis and, as a consequence, reproduction of conditionally pathogenic flora, etiopathogenetic risk factors for the development of various forms of women’s reproductive health pathology.
Conclusions: More global attention to the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infections in the examination of women with infertility and reproductive losses is warranted. The influence of ascariasis as a source of autoinfection of the gastrointestinal tract, allowed us to consider the presence of this invasion a risk factor for the development of chronic inflammatory process of the lower genital tract.