УДК: 614.2:[616.61-036.22](477),,2014-2023"

Мета. Доступність, своєчасність та пацієнтоорієнтованість є одними з основних елементів у забезпеченні якості медичної допомоги, тому метою роботи був аналіз та опрацювання даних епідеміології окремих нозологічних форм хвороб сечостатевої системи як складової процесу покращення якості медичної допомоги урологічним пацієнтам.

Матеріал і методи. У процесі дослідження було проведено ретроспективний аналіз показників госпіталізованої захворюваності окремих неінфекційних нозологічних форм хвороб сечостатевої системи серед населення України за період з 2014 по 2023 роки. Використано статистичні дані Державної служби статистики та дані звітів Міністерства охорони здоров'я України. У роботі застосовано методи системного підходу, структурно-логічного та медико-статистичного аналізу.

Результати й обговорення. За аналізований десятилітній період (2014-2023 роки) абсолютні показники патології сечостатевої системи, а саме: каменів нирок і сечоводів, гострих та хронічних гломерулонефритів, в Україні та переважній більшості її областей мали тенденцію до зниження з 2016 по 2020 роки з поступовим зростанням їх кількості у 2021 - 2023 роках. Значне зниження рівнів госпіталізацій з причини хвороб сечостатевої системи у 2020 році можна пояснити впливом пандемії COVID-19. Приріст кількості госпіталізацій з 2021 року в більшості випадків залишив рівні захворюваності по всіх досліджуваних нозологічних формах нижчими за початкові рівні аналізованого періоду.

Висновки. Дані результати засвідчують, що при збереженій потужності стаціонарів, виникає потреба у покращенні якості надання урологічної допомоги з метою заохочення пацієнта та підвищення конкурентоспроможності закладів охорони здоров'я.

Aim. Accessibility, timeliness, and patient-centered approach are among the main elements in ensuring the quality of medical care; therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze and process epidemiological data on certain nosological entities of genitourinary diseases as a component of improving the quality of medical care for urological patients.

Material and Methods. In the course of the study, a retrospective analysis of the inpatient non-communicable morbidity indicators for certain nosological entities of genitourinary diseases among the population of Ukraine was conducted for the period from 2014 to 2023. Statistical data from the State Statistics Service and reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used. The study employed methods of a systematic approach, including structural and logical analyses, as well as medical and statistical analyses.

Results and Discussion. Over the analyzed decade (2014-2023), the absolute indicators of genitourinary system pathology, namely: kidney and ureteral stones, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, in Ukraine and in the majority of its regions showed a tendency to decrease from 2016 to 2020, with a gradual increase in their numbers in 2021-2023. The significant decline in hospitalization rates due to genitourinary diseases in 2020 can be explained by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in the number of hospitalizations from 2021 in most cases left the morbidity rates for all studied nosological entities lower than the initial levels of the analyzed period.

Conclusions. These results confirm that with the preserved capacity of inpatient facilities, there is a need to improve the quality of urological care in order to encourage patients and increase the competitiveness of healthcare facilities.

A new range of threats arose at the beginning of the 21st century, and the current global and national security systems could not respond effectively. Climate change threatens human health and well-being. Extreme weather events, food and water shortages, and the growth of infectious diseases increase the burden on healthcare systems. Progress in international health partnerships in 2022 has stalled and, in some cases, is reversing. The constant increase in the cost of medical services and medicines has a negative impact on the effectiveness of the functioning of national healthcare systems. Out-of-pocket healthcare costs cause financial hardship for more than 930 million people and push about 90 million into extreme poverty each year. If current trends continue, the World Health
Organization predicts that by 2030, up to 5 billion people will be unable to access or afford health services. For further advancement in global health security and to ensure better health for all in a changing world, reducing the cost and guaranteeing access for indigent patients to innovative medicines for treating a wide range of life-threatening diseases is essential. To minimize the cost and ensure access to medicines, it is proposed to create international research centers for developing innovative medicines without patent protection with centralized funding and appropriate planning for high-level interdisciplinary fundamental and applied research based on the needs of healthcare systems worldwide.
Keywords: Healthcare; cost of medicines; patent protection; research center

The multi-sided damages caused by the large-scale invasion of Russia has become a great challenge for the medical care system of Ukraine. This research is aimed at studying, analyzing and summarizing data from scientific publications, personal experience, and open sources of relevant information concerning changes that occur in the work within Ukraine’s healthcare system and the activity of medical staff due to the Russian invasion. Special attention has been paid to processes related to relocations of medical staff and health care establishments, field hospitals as an important tool during martial law, as well as for the different types of support provided by the international partners of Ukraine. Data concerning demographic shifts in Ukraine due to the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war are also presented. Moreover, SWOT analysis of changes in the system of health care in Ukraine during martial law has been performed. Keywords: health care system of Ukraine, healthcare quality, demographic shifts, internally displaced people, relocations, field hospitals.

УДК: 613.84:159.923

Aim. Establishing the type of tobacco behavior and the main motives and reasons for smoking among consumers of tobacco products.

Material and Methods. A survey involved 817 individuals aged 18-44 in the Lviv region. Various types of tobacco products were identified among the interviewees: 96 respondents were smokers of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), 93 respondents were smokers of heated tobacco products (HTPs), and 228 respondents were smokers of classic cigarettes. A sociological survey using Horn's questionnaire was conducted to determine the types of behavior of smokers.

Results and Discussion. The dominant type of smoking behavior, both among smokers of classic cigarettes or tobacco products for heating (HTP), and among users of nicotine through electronic cigarettes (ENDS) was the "Support" type, the second-ranked - "Playing with a cigarette", the third-ranked - "Thirst". The largest number of smokers by the behavioral type "Playing with a cigarette" was found among HTP smokers - 55.91±5.15 cases per 100 respondents. The "Thirst" type is most typical in smokers of classic cigarettes - 39.91±3.24 cases per 100 respondents. The "Support" type was the leading one for male smokers in the groups of classic cigarette smokers (47.09±3.81 cases per 100 men) and ENDS smokers (47.62±7.71 cases per 100 men), while for HTP smokers - "Playing with a cigarette" (54.55±7.51 cases per 100 men). In the group of female smokers in all studied groups, the "Support" type was the dominant type of behavior. At the same time, among female ENDS smokers, two types of behavior were dominant, namely - "Support" and "Playing with a cigarette" with an identical rate of 44.44±6.76 cases per 100 women.

Conclusions. Determining the types of behavior of a smoker and the main reasons and motives for smoking will allow choosing a method of smoking cessation and increasing the effectiveness of quitting tobacco and nicotine use.