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 Dystrophic changes of all periodontal structures and teeth in patients with periodontitis and generalized periodontitis were investigated in the study. Characteristic signs of the gums’ pathological contour, as well as other clinical and radiological features of dystrophy differ in patients with periodontitis and generalized periodontitis and contribute to the improvement of their differential diagnosis. Ultrastructural examination of the patients’ gums with periodontitis revealed disseminated microthrombosis, mucoid edema and fibrinoid transformation of intermediate connective tissue, and coagulation-dystrophic changes in periodontal tissues and cells.

Key words: periodontitis, parodontosis, gingival ultrastructure, coagulation dystrophy 

 ABSTRACT

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of occupational hygiene procedures for microbiological and cytological contents of periodontal pockets. Material and Methods: Cytological and microbiological content of the periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling with hand instruments and root cementum polishing have been investigated in patients with periodontitis.

Results: According to obtained data it can be resumed that in periodontitis patients with the depth of pockets 3-5,5 mm before professional hygiene all the pockets contain great number of Cocci, Spirochetes, Candida Albicans, Flagellated rods and Protozoa species. It was proved by revealing of small amount of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes with active phagocytosis. After scaling and planing of the roots, a decrease in the number of Protozoa and Candida Albicans was observed in 97% and 72% of the investigated cells, respectively.

Conclusions: Cytological and microbiological content of periodontal pockets before treatment and after professional hygiene procedures including scaling and root planning testify to the level of local protective mechanisms, especially process of phagocytosis and virulence of microbial species in periodontal pockets. KEY WORDS: periodontitis, scaling, microbiological, cytological investigation 

Recently, a new sanological direction in the field of health, where health is considered as not a disease, a fundamental difference from the one accepted in medicine, is discussed in the world and Ukrainian scientific literature. Sanology today is practically formed as a new scientific field with its own language, object, subject and research methods. The purpose of this scientific report was to define the concepts associated with a constructive view of the basic statuses and components of health. Human health is the health of a harmoniously developed individual. Human body (physical component), his mind and ability to think (intellectual component), moral and ethical attitudes (moral component), ability to control emotions (emotional or mental component), ability to adapt to living and working conditions (social component). On the platform of the existing concept of health, which is based on the components of the health of a fully developed personality - physical, mental, social, we have developed a structure of components of each of them and the "zone" of sanology and medicine.

The annual increase in the incidence of diabetes and frequency of its complications determine the urgency of this problem. The most characteristic sighns of diabetes are vascular lesions of arterioles, venules, capillaries (microangiopathy). Changes in microcirculatory system at diabetes mellitus leads to other complications. The pathology of the marginal periodontium in patients with diabetes is, in fact, a local manifestation of diabetes-specific microangiopathy, which causes degenerative changes in periodontal tissues.

The rational nutrition is a constituent part of healthy lifestyle. It plays an important role in prevention of the main dental diseases (dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and others). The influence of the rational nutrition lies in the teeth formation, resistant to unfavorable factors such as cariogenic action of simple carbohydrates, insufficient amount of necessary microelements and vitamins, etc. At present, there is no major opinion among scientists as to the influence of nutrition on the diseases of teeth and periodontum. Thus, some clinical physicians stick to the theory of dental diseases (periodontitis, in particular), that assigns a role to malnutrition and imbalances, though the previous studies failed to prove this point of view.