The efficacy and efficiency of medical genetics depend on the level of knowledge among physicians, the thoroughness
of analysis conducted, and the diagnostic capabilities concerning pathologies that are relatively uncommon within the population. This allows maximum assistance to patients with congenital and hereditary diseases and improves their quality of life. In recent years, despite the undeniable
achievements of medical genetics, there has been an increase in genetically determined pathologies, a trend often linked to the intensification of the mutagenic influence of a polluted environment, the increase in the diagnosis of genetic diseases, and the development of new methods for
diagnosing hereditary pathologies. Therefore, the relevance and significance of this work are beyond doubt.
The textbook authored by Doctors of Medical Sciences and professors Kitsera N.I., Kovalchuk L.Y., and Cherniuk N.V., titled “Genetic Pathology and Its Bronchopulmonary Manifestations,” is dedicated to advancing the knowledge of bronchopulmonary pathology in hereditary diseases among physicians and medical students. This book represents the first scholarly work to comprehensively elucidate the essence of various chromosomal (such as Patau syndrome and Edwards syndrome), monogenic (such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome), X-linked, and multifactorial syndromes encountered in children, as well as describes pulmonary and bronchial complications associated with these conditions.

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The prevalence of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children is increasing from year to year, representing a significant problem in the overall structure of kidney diseases in pediatric age. Despite numerous studies dedicated to the issue of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children, the role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria remains insufficiently explored.
Aim — to identify the leading epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria in children. Materials and methods. The data from the medical histories and outpatient records of 173 children were studied. Each child was additionally
examined by narrow specialists of different profiles. Three groups were formed from the examined children: Group I — children with a complicated course of dysmetabolic nephropathy and a history of inflammatory processes in the urinary system (52 children), Group II — children with dysmetabolic nephropathy with persistent crystalluria (56 children) and the Control group, which included 65 healthy children.
Results. The most significant prenatal epigenetic factors are the threat of early miscarriage, gestosis of the first and second halves of pregnancy, maternal anemia during pregnancy, parental alcohol and tobacco use, mother's work on computer during pregnancy, presence of maternal
chronic diseases, parental exposure to industrial dust and noise, and heavy physical work of mother leading to fetal hypoxia.
Conclusion. The most significant postnatal epigenetic factors influencing children's susceptibility to a more severe course of dysmetabolic
nephropathy included low birth weight, early artificial feeding, frequent acute respiratory infections, atopic diathesis, and physiological jaundice
in the first year of life, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases such as chronic tonsillitis, dental caries, frequent acute respiratory infections, chronic gastritis, atopy, and chronic cholecystitis later in life. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.