Abstract

УДК 616.12-005.4:616-008.9+616-056.5+616.379.-008.64+616.12-008.331.1-092:612.15]-074

For many years, and to this day, cardiovascular disease has been and remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases mainly affect people in countries with middle and low living standards.

The aim of the study was to find out the peculiarities of lipid, carbohydrate, and hormonal changes in patients with coronary heart disease against the background of metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods: 120 patients with verified coronary heart disease were examined, including 60 patients with coronary heart disease without metabolic syndrome and 60 patients with coronary heart disease with metabolic syndrome. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy individuals of appropriate age and sex. The content of HbA1c, glucositol C-peptide, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, leptin, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in blood serum was determined by modern methods.

Results: The analysis of the results of laboratory tests of patients' blood revealed more pronounced changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease against the background of metabolic syndrome, which indicates the severity of the clinical course in such patients. The results obtained indicate that in coronary heart disease with metabolic syndrome, there are more pronounced dysmetabolic changes: hyperleptinemia, glucosemia, elevated HbA1c, and decreased C-peptide content. Studies have shown that obesity is accompanied by high levels of leptin, which exacerbates insulin resistance and is a trigger for the development of coronary heart disease.

Conclusions: 1. Leptin resistance is a potential cause of insulin resistance and, consequently, obesity, which ultimately leads to metabolic syndrome and the development of coronary heart disease. The data obtained indicate a greater tendency to obesity in women with coronary heart disease complicated by metabolic syndrome.

1. The data obtained may indicate a latent disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease without metabolic syndrome.
2. The detected deviations in lipid metabolism indicate the presence of type II dyslipoproteinemia in patients of group 1 and type IV dyslipoproteinemia in patients of group 2.

ABSTRACT
Introduction and aim. Information concerning lactoferrin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) local levels in breast milk are not numerous and requires further research. The aim of this study was to determine the content of lactoferrin and interleukin-8 in the breast milk of patients with lactational mastitis, and to identify new potential markers for assessing the activity of the inflammatory process in the mammary gland. Material and methods. This study analyzed the breast milk of 30 women with lactostasis (group I), 37 women with lactational mastitis (group II) and 30 healthy lactating women (age 26±5 years old). The milk content of lactoferrin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The average value of lactoferrin in breast milk of healthy women was 4.78±0.47 mg/mL, exceeding levels in group I 1.8 times (p<0.05). The level of lactoferrin in group II exceeds the control values 3.1 times (p<0.05). The content of IL-8 in breast milk of women in group I was 7.3 times higher than the control (3.63±0.12 pg/mL, p<0.05). In lactational mastitis, the concentration of IL-8 in breast milk exceeded the group I 13.9 times (p<0.05) and was 1.9 times higher than group I (p<0.05). Conclusion. The analysis has revealed an increase of lactoferrin and IL-8 in breast milk of the test groups, which indicates the activation of non-specific protection.