Severe aortic stenosis still remains a widespread form of valvular heart disease1. Innovative cardiac techniques, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI), require morphometric analysis of the aortic root2,3 annulus, sinus of Valsalva, and ascending aorta.\n\nResults\nThe study population
comprised 80 men and 97 women (age: 82 ± 6 years. Aortic root is a complex and interconnected structure. Some components of the aortic root are posterior (noncoronary) sinuses, as well as the right and left coronary sinuses of Valsalva. Within the norm, the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery arise from the coronary sinuses4. Precise evaluation of the height of the Valsalva sinuses and the coronary ostia is necessary when planning endovascular interventions, predicting and preventing complications5,6. Morphometric analysis of the aortic root allows to estimate the height of the aortic sinuses and the height of the coronary ostia using specific measurements. Computed Tomography (CT) is a gold standard for assessing aortic root7 and conducting appropriate assessments.
The aim of the study is to conduct a morphometric analysis of the height of the Valsalva sinuses in men with severe aortic stenosis and to test predictive
modeling of the height of the Valsalva sinuses based on anthropometric and age differences.

UDC: 611.132.2:616.132.2:616.132.11]-055.2-073.756.8

The most common form of cardiovascular disease in Ukraine is coronary heart disease, which is characterized by damage to the coronary arteries. The height of the aortic sinuses and the height of the coronary arteries are assessed when planning interventional procedures and cardiac surgery. Computed tomography can verify structural changes in the coronary arteries and morphometrically evaluate the components of the aortic sac. The purpose of the study: to measure the height of the coronary arteries orifice; height of the aortic sinuses in women with structural changes of the coronary arteries using computed tomography and assess the interdependence of measurements with anthropometric indicators (age, height, weight, body mass index, body surface area). Computed tomography-angiography of the chest of females with coronary arteries were processed. Statistical analysis: Shapiro-Francia test
(correctness of distribution), Student's t-test (comparison of the height of the coronary arteries and the height of the aortic sinuses); Pearson's linear correlation; Fisher's multifactorial regression analysis. The study found a direct correlation between height and measurability in women with coronary artery disease. The value of the growth rate was directly correlated with the height of the right aortic sinus (r=0.85, p=0.001), with the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery orifice (r=0.74, p=0.01), the height of the upper edge of the left coronary artery orifice (r=0.67, p=0.03), the height of
the upper edge of the right coronary artery orifice (r=0.67, p=0.03). It is proved that with increasing body surface area, the parameters of the right aortic sinus decrease: the inverse strong correlation r=-0.83, p=0.002. Significant direct relationships have been established between most of the measured components of the aortic root. Multifactor regression analysis showed a proven strong effect of anthropometric data and age on the height of the right aortic sinus: R=0.96, at p=0.009 (according to Fisher). This made it possible to build a model for predicting the height of the right aortic sinus depending
on anthropometric and age parameters. Thus, in women with structural lesions of the coronary arteries, the increase in height correlates with an increase in the height of the right aortic sinus, the height of the coronary arteries orifice. An increase in body surface area correlates with a decrease in the height of the right aortic sinus in women with structural lesions of the coronary arteries.

УДК 611.1:611.132.1]-073.756.8-055.1

Серцево-судинні захворювання є ос-новною причиною смерті [1]. У 2019 році летальність через серцево-судинні захворювання становила близько 32% у світі. В Україні цей показник вищий і становить 64,3 % [2], причому чоловіки практично удвічі частіше страждають від ураження серця та су-дин, аніж жінки. До десяти найбільш поширених форм серцево-судинних захворювань відноситься ане-вризма аорти, важливим параметром якої є попереч-ний розмір, тобто діаметр аорти [3,4].
Комп’ютерна томографія аорти є золотим стандартом у діагностиці гострого аортального син-дрому [5]. Більшість Європейських, Північноамери-канських та розвинених Азіатських країн мають свої реєстри та опубліковані дані щодо морфометричних параметрів аорти у пацієнтів різних вікових та антро-пометричних даних [6–9]. Натомість, в Україні існує прогалина в оцінці поперечних розмірів аорти, зо-крема, в осіб чоловічої статі, які частіше страждають від серцево-судинних захворювань. Відповідно, до-сліджень морфометричних параметрів висхідної аорти та їхньої кореляції з віковими та антропометричними показниками в Україні проведено недостатньо.
Обґрунтування дослідження. Використання комп’ютерної томографії (КТ) для морфометричної оцінки висхідної аорти є важливим в контексті діагностики та лікування патології аорти (зокрема, аневризми аорти). Вибір тактики консервативного ме-дикаментозного лікування чи необхідність проведення хірургічного втручання (ендоваскулярного чи відкри-тої хірургії) базується також і на морфометричному аналізі аорти.
Дослідження важливе для оцінки морфометрії висхідної аорти в чоловіків, які частіше страждають від патології аорти, ніж жінки. КТ-морфометричні па-раметри висхідної аорти та кореляція з віковими та ан-тропометричними показниками серед чоловічого населення України є недостатньо вивченими.

UDC: 61(092)

Among the morphologists of Ukraine and the world, an honourable place is occupied by Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University (1982-1988), member of the Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists and Topographical Anatomists (SS AHET) (since 1954), a member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) and the Ukrainian Medical Society (UMS) (since 1991) - Lev Mykhailovych Lychkovsky (8.05.1924 - 20.09.1993).

Lev Lychkovsky’s life was dedicated to the service of Science. This article is dedicated to him on the occasion of the centenary of his birth.

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate micro- and ultrastructural changes of the carotid sinus wall during oral consumption of low doses of monosodium glutamate (MG) and following its withdrawal. Adult male albino rats (n=39) were enrolled into the study. Carotid sinus wall morphology was assessed by light and electron microscopy at the end of week 4 and week 8 of MG oral consumption, as well as 2 weeks after its withdrawal; the results were compared with the control group. After 8 weeks of MG consumption, the wall of the carotid sinus was disorganized, endothelial layer of intima deformed, often without clear margins, the media edematous and dissected with thickened elastic membranes, and the cells of the vascular wall were showing signs of apoptosis while extra fat was present in the adventitia. Upon discontinuation of MG after 4 weeks of its consumption, the structural organization of carotid sinus wall was partially preserved, whereas no compensatory processes were registered after 8 weeks of MG administration followed by 2 weeklong withdrawal. Therefore, 8-week-long lowdose MG consumption resulted in pronounced changes of the micro- and ultra-structure of the carotid sinus wall of albino rats. Discontinuation of MG following 4 weeks of its administration partially improved the morphologic characteristics of the carotid sinus wall within 2 weeks. Withdrawal of MG after 8 weeks of its administration did not result in any improvement of the micro- and ultra-structure of the carotid sinus wall within 2 weeks.