Introduction and aim. Earlier, by applying the water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) model, we reproduced primary attributes of stress and found that the severity of the damage to the gastric mucosa correlates with changes in ECG parameters, which indicate myocardial dystrophy. Further, it was found that such a connection is caused by the damaging effect on both targets of increasing the level of parathyroid hormone, as well as the production of aldosterone and catecholamines by enlarged adrenal glands. In addition, an increase in the level of corticosterone and sympathetic tone with a simultaneous decrease in vagal tone as well as serum calcitonin and testosterone cause damage to the gastric mucosa, but not to the myocardium. Such a constellation of neuro-endocrine reactions to stressors determines the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 73%. The purpose of this study is to find out metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiogram and gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Material and methods. The experiment is at 18 male and 20 female Wistar rats. Over the 10 days, one animal remained intact and 3 other rats were exposed to WIRS. The next day after stressing, immune and metabolic parameters as well as ECG and gastric mucosa injuries was recorded. Results. Serum levels of Phosphates, Сatalase and α-LP Cholesterol as well as erythrocyte level of Potassium and Na,K-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte are positively correlated with ECG markers of myocardial damage, and negatively correlated with visual markers of damage to the gastric mucosa. Erythrocyte level of Sodium and serum levels of Potassium and Alkaline Phosphatase reflect the intactness of the gastric mucosa only. While serum level of Calcium reflects damage to the gastric mucosa. Taken together, the listed metabolic factors determine the morpho-functional state of the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 72% (R=0.851). Damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium is more severe, the lower the bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils, and the greater the mass of the thymus. The spleen mass and the content of fibroblasts in the thymus are negatively correlated only with the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa, while the percentages of reticulocytes and lymphoblasts in the spleen are positively correlated with it. Finally, the higher the percentage of macrophages in the thymus, the deeper the damage to the myocardium. The canonical correlation between the listed immune parameters and markers of the two targets of stressors is very strong (R=0.809). Conclusion. Water-immersion and restraint stress causes changes in the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, which lead to changes in the metabolome and damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium.
Aim: To investigate changes in oxidative stress indicators in rats under conditions of long-term ethanol exposure.
Materials and Methods: We studied the effect of prolonged exposure to ethanol on the activity of free radical processes in the gonads of rats of both sexes. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups: Group I (control group) rats, which were injected with distilled water orally for 28 days; II group – which for 28 days were injected intragastrically with a 30% ethanol solution at the rate of 2ml/100g of body weight once a day.
Results: The conducted experimental studies showed that the level of free radicals increases in animals that were injected with ethanol for 28 days, as indicated by an increase in the ROS index by 1.6 times in males and 1.7 times in females. Lipid peroxidation processes are also activated, as evidenced by an increase in the level of initial products of the lipoperoxidation chain – HPL by 54.6%, intermediate products – TBP by 57.9% and final products – SHO – by 80.3% in males and by 68.2%, respectively , 80.9% and 84.6% in females. Along with this, the activity of oxidative modification of proteins in the organs of the reproductive system of the experimental group of animals also increased. In particular, the level of OMР370 in the testes of male rats increased by 89.1%, and OMР430 increased by 56.4% from the level of animals that were not given ethanol. In the ovaries of female rats, the level of OMР370 increased by 112.%, and OMР430 increased by 60.7% from the level of animals without simulating ethanol intoxication. Therefore, we were able to establish significant changes and disturbances in the processes of free radical oxidation in the organs of the reproductive system of animals under the toxic effect of ethanol, which can negatively affect the reproductive function and quality of offspring in animals that were simulated ethanol intoxication.
Conclusions: In animals of both sexes, under the conditions of chronic ethanol exposure, there is an increase in free radical oxidation indicators, namely ROS, lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and the growth indicators in females are more significant than in males. This indicates a negative effect of chronic ethanol intoxication on the state of the membrane structures of germ cells, with DNA damage, which can lead to a violation of the function of the genital organs.