Metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiographic and morphologic gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats

Introduction and aim. Earlier, by applying the water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) model, we reproduced primary attributes of stress and found that the severity of the damage to the gastric mucosa correlates with changes in ECG parameters, which indicate myocardial dystrophy. Further, it was found that such a connection is caused by the damaging effect on both targets of increasing the level of parathyroid hormone, as well as the production of aldosterone and catecholamines by enlarged adrenal glands. In addition, an increase in the level of corticosterone and sympathetic tone with a simultaneous decrease in vagal tone as well as serum calcitonin and testosterone cause damage to the gastric mucosa, but not to the myocardium. Such a constellation of neuro-endocrine reactions to stressors determines the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 73%. The purpose of this study is to find out metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiogram and gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Material and methods. The experiment is at 18 male and 20 female Wistar rats. Over the 10 days, one animal remained intact and 3 other rats were exposed to WIRS. The next day after stressing, immune and metabolic parameters as well as ECG and gastric mucosa injuries was recorded. Results. Serum levels of Phosphates, Сatalase and α-LP Cholesterol as well as erythrocyte level of Potassium and Na,K-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte are positively correlated with ECG markers of myocardial damage, and negatively correlated with visual markers of damage to the gastric mucosa. Erythrocyte level of Sodium and serum levels of Potassium and Alkaline Phosphatase reflect the intactness of the gastric mucosa only. While serum level of Calcium reflects damage to the gastric mucosa. Taken together, the listed metabolic factors determine the morpho-functional state of the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 72% (R=0.851). Damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium is more severe, the lower the bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils, and the greater the mass of the thymus. The spleen mass and the content of fibroblasts in the thymus are negatively correlated only with the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa, while the percentages of reticulocytes and lymphoblasts in the spleen are positively correlated with it. Finally, the higher the percentage of macrophages in the thymus, the deeper the damage to the myocardium. The canonical correlation between the listed immune parameters and markers of the two targets of stressors is very strong (R=0.809). Conclusion. Water-immersion and restraint stress causes changes in the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, which lead to changes in the metabolome and damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium.

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Modulating effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on post stress changes in neuroendocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosa at rats

Introduction and aim. Earlier our group showed that the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” (UPhCBT) exerts classical adaptogenic effects on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex as well as biophotonics and acupuncture in humans with maladaptation. The list of important properties of adaptogens includes their stress-limiting effect, which is usually tested in an experiment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify modulating effects of UPhCBT on post-stress changes in neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram (ECG), and gastric mucosa at rats. Material and methods. The experiment is at 18 male and 20 female Wistar rats. 10 animals remained intact with free access to tap daily water. Rats of the control group for 7 days loaded through a tube with same tap daily water (2 mL once), while the animals of main groups received according to a similar scheme 0,1 mL of PhCBT dissolved in 2 mL of daily water or bottled table water “Truskavetska”™. Over the next 10 days, one animal remained intact and 3 other rats were exposed to acute (4 hours) water-immersion and restraint stress. The next day after stressing, EEG, endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters as well as gastric mucosa injuries was recorded. Results. Acute stress causes in control animals an increase in sympathetic tone, serum levels of catecholamines and corticosterone, combined with a decrease in vagal tone and serum testosterone levels. Such a neuro-endocrine reaction is accompanied by damage to the myocardium and gastric mucosa, an increase in the percentage of macrophages and fibroblasts in the thymus, entropy in the spleen, natural killer cells in the blood. Instead, the mass of the spleen and the percentage of lymphoblasts in it, theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes in the blood, the content of α-LP cholesterol in the serum, as well as the catalase and Na,K-ATPase activity of erythrocytes, decrease. Preventive use of phytocomposition, first of all, minimizes or even completely prevents damage to the myocardium and adverse post-stress deviations from the norm of listed parameters. Secondly, it initiates an increase in the level of PTH and the activity of serum acid phosphatase, the percentage of reticulocytes in the spleen and the intensity of phagocytosis of blood neutrophils, but at the same time a decrease in their bactericidal activity, as well as the percentage of monocytes and B-lymphocytes in the blood. Thirdly, it potentiates the post-stress increase in sympathetic tone and damage to the gastric mucosa, as well as natural killers, on the one hand, and the decrease in vagal tone, the level of testosterone in the serum, as well as the mass of the spleen - on the other hand. Fourthly, it reverses the activity of catalase of erythrocytes and the entropy of the splenocytogram. Conclusion. Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets” has a generally favorable adaptogenic effect on the post-stress state of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolome. However, there are certain adverse effects as the so-called adaptation fee.
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Neuro-endocrine, hemodynamic and metabolic accompaniments of effects of balneotherapy at Truskavets’ Spa on PWC in men with maladaptation

The researchers of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology have demonstrated that effect of balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ Spa on the physical working capacity of both healthy rats and different categories of patients is ambiguous. It is shown that various variants of actotropic effects are accompanied by characteristic changes in a number of body parameters. The purpose of this study was to identify neuro- endocrine, hemodynamic and metabolic accompaniments of actotropic effects of balneotherapy in men with maladaptation. Material and methods. The object of observation were 34 men (aged 23÷70 years) with maladaptation against the background of chronic pyelonephtis in remission phase, who came for rehabilitation at the Truskavets' Spa. The object of study: PWC, hemodynamics, HRV, EEG, adaptation hormones, blood and urine metabolites. The survey was conducted twice: on admission and after 7-10 dais of rehabilitation. Results. The analysis of individual changes revealed that balneotherapy in 18 patients did not significantly affect the level of fitness. In 9 patients balneotherapy caused an increase in PWC150 (direct difference: 0.57±0.12 W/kg) while in the other 9 patients the level of fitness decreased (direct difference: -0.42±0.03 W/kg). Discriminant analysis revealed 24 variables as characteristic accompaniment of the three variants of actotropic effects of balneotherapy. Among them, 2 are hemodynamic, 13 are neural, which reflect the entropy of EEG and HRV as well as delta-, theta- and beta-rhythms, 2 are endocrine, and 7 are metabolic. Classification accuracy is 100%. Conclusion. The multivariate actotropic effects of balneofactors are due to their multivariate effects on neuro- endocrine regulation and metabolism, which, apparently, is determined by the peculiarities of the individual reactivity of the body.

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