The author has hallmarked the principles of the Oviedo Convention, in particular, the preambular and Conventional axioms. The author has established, that the Oviedo Convention’s fundamental principle is the principle of human dignity, which lies in the foundation of the majority of values, which have been declared in the standard. The author has also established, that the norm-principles, which were laid down in the preamble part, and Chapter I, act through the provisions of distinct conventional institutes, for example, “Consent”, “Prohibition of discrimination”. The national case law and the normative-creational practice justifies the necessity to ratify the Oviedo Convention by Ukraine.