616.61-053.2:575:576.5

The prevalence of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children is increasing from year to year, representing a significant problem in the overall structure of kidney diseases in pediatric age. Despite numerous studies dedicated to the issue of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children, the role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria remains insufficiently explored.
Aim — to identify the leading epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria in children.
Materials and methods. The data from the medical histories and outpatient records of 173 children were studied. Each child was additionally
examined by narrow specialists of different profiles. Three groups were formed from the examined children: Group I — children with a complicated course of dysmetabolic nephropathy and a history of inflammatory processes in the urinary system (52 children), Group II — children with dysmetabolic nephropathy with persistent crystalluria (56 children) and the Control group, which included 65 healthy children.
Results. The most significant prenatal epigenetic factors are the threat of early miscarriage, gestosis of the first and second halves of pregnancy, maternal anemia during pregnancy, parental alcohol and tobacco use, mother's work on computer during pregnancy, presence of maternal
chronic diseases, parental exposure to industrial dust and noise, and heavy physical work of mother leading to fetal hypoxia.
Conclusion. The most significant postnatal epigenetic factors influencing children's susceptibility to a more severe course of dysmetabolic
nephropathy included low birth weight, early artificial feeding, frequent acute respiratory infections, atopic diathesis, and physiological jaundice
in the first year of life, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases such as chronic tonsillitis, dental caries, frequent acute respiratory infections, chronic gastritis, atopy, and chronic cholecystitis later in life.
The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics
Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. 

616.61-053.2:575:576.5

It  should  be  noted  that  oxidative  stress,  as  a  universal  mechanism  of  tissue  hypoxia  at  the  cellular  level, accompanied by non-enzymatic free radical oxidation and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) in the blood, has attracted particular interest among medical professionals in our time. Research in the last decade has shown that there are all reasons to consider the activation of free radical LPO as a nonspecifi c component of physiological and pathological reactions characterizing the stress of activation of homeostasis maintenance systems.The aim of stady to establish the relationship between the impact of LPO processes, antioxidant defense, and membrane destruction of renal epithelium in children with dysmetabolic nephropathy.Materials and methods. Two groups of examined children were formed from the examined group, including those  with  dysmetabolic  nephropathy  and  secondary  urinary  tract  infections:  Group  I  -  52  individuals  in  whom  dysmetabolic nephropathy was complicated by the superimposition of infl ammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract - complicated DN (I-UDN), and Group II - 56 children with uncomplicated course of DN (II-DN), (a total of 108 children). The control group consisted of 65 healthy children. In children of all groups, the indicator of LPO process activity and the indicator of catalase activity in blood and urine were determined as a mechanism for regulating the antioxidant system of the body.Results. Against the intensifi cation of lipid peroxidation and membrane destruction processes in the bodies of children  with  DN,  the  possibilities  of  antioxidant  protection  are  exhausted,  which,  in  turn,  leads  to  even  greater  intensity of the LPO process. The catalase activity indicator in urine is an informative, reliable, and sensitive marker not only for the result of the impact of epigenetic factors on a child’s body but also a prognostic marker for a more severe course of dysmetabolic nephropathy in children.Conclusions.The revealed facts allow us to assert that against the background of intensifi  cation of lipoperoxidation and  membrane  destruction  processes  in  the  body  of  children  with  DN,  the  possibilities  of  antioxidant  protection  are  depleted,  which  in  turn  leads  to  an  even  greater  intensity  of  the  process  of  lipid  peroxidation.  And  the  index  of  catalase  activity  in  urine  is  an  informative,  reliable  and  sensitive  marker  not  only  of  the  result  of  the  impact  of  epigenetic  factors  on  the  child’s  body,  but  also  a  prognostic  marker  of  a  more  severe  course  of  dysmetabolic  nephropathy in children.

616.61-053.2:575:576.5

The prevalence of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children is increasing from year to year, representing a significant problem in the overall structure of kidney diseases in pediatric age. Despite numerous studies dedicated to the issue of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children, the role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria remains insufficiently explored.
Aim — to identify the leading epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria in children. Materials and methods. The data from the medical histories and outpatient records of 173 children were studied. Each child was additionally
examined by narrow specialists of different profiles. Three groups were formed from the examined children: Group I — children with a complicated course of dysmetabolic nephropathy and a history of inflammatory processes in the urinary system (52 children), Group II — children with dysmetabolic nephropathy with persistent crystalluria (56 children) and the Control group, which included 65 healthy children.
Results. The most significant prenatal epigenetic factors are the threat of early miscarriage, gestosis of the first and second halves of pregnancy, maternal anemia during pregnancy, parental alcohol and tobacco use, mother's work on computer during pregnancy, presence of maternal
chronic diseases, parental exposure to industrial dust and noise, and heavy physical work of mother leading to fetal hypoxia.
Conclusion. The most significant postnatal epigenetic factors influencing children's susceptibility to a more severe course of dysmetabolic
nephropathy included low birth weight, early artificial feeding, frequent acute respiratory infections, atopic diathesis, and physiological jaundice
in the first year of life, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases such as chronic tonsillitis, dental caries, frequent acute respiratory infections, chronic gastritis, atopy, and chronic cholecystitis later in life. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.