Мета дослідження: оцінка асоціації психологічних детермінант особистості (самоефективність
та самооцінка) із феноменом власної неповноцінності.
Проведено опитування 612 здобувачів вищої освіти м. Львова у жовтні-листопаді 2021 року з використанням трьох опитувальників: порівняльного індексу почуття неповноцінності, самооцінки Розенберга та загальної самоефективності Шварцера і Єрусалима. Респонденти були поділені на три групи: група з індексом неповноцінності (index of inferiority) феномена власної неповноцінності; група з індексом надцінності (index of superiority) феномена власної неповноцінності та група без феномена зміненої самооцінки (Norma). Для кожної із цих трьох груп визначали рівень самооцінки та самоефективності, і далі проводили порівняльний аналіз між групами.
Дослідженням встановлено, що респонденти групи з індексом надцінності (index of superiority) мали достовірно (p = 0,04) найменше медіанне значення самоефективності (28 [25; 32] балів) як порівняти з групою без феномена зміненої самооцінки (Norma) (30 [27; 34] балів) та групою з індексом неповноцінності (31 [28; 33] бал). Отримане значення у осіб з індексом надцінності відповідає «середньому» рівню самоефективності, що є на порядок нижче, ніж у групах без феномена зміненої самооцінки та з індексом неповноцінності, де рівень самоефективності трактується як «вище середнього».
Анкетовані без феномена зміненої самооцінки мали найвище медіанне значення самооцінки — 22 бали [18; 25], що трактується як середній рівень самоповаги. Натомість у осіб із індексом неповноцінності значення показників самооцінки відповідали низькому рівню самоповаги — 19 [17;24] балів. Найнижчими показники самооцінки були у групі з індексом надцінності — 18 [15,75;22] балів, що теж відповідає низькому рівню самоповаги та є достовірно меншим як порівняти з групою без феномена зміненої самооцінки.
Будучи за своєю природою не патологічним, феномен власної неповноцінності може стати психопатологічним за умов, коли особу охоплює переживання неадекватності та неефективності настільки, що не стимулює до продуктивної діяльності, а робить її нездатною до розвитку та схильною до регресивних реакцій. Тому вивчення феномена власної неповноцінності потребує подальших досліджень різновекторного характеру.
УДК: 316.6:159.9
Annotation. Among the various destructive phenomena that negatively affect the harmony of an individual's life, the issue of overcoming the feeling of inferiority takes on special importance. The study of this phenomenon among the population of Ukraine in the modern conditions of martial law and the COVID-19 pandemic is extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to translate, adapt and validate the questionnaire "Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index", as well as to determine the feeling of inferiority index among student youth with its help. The following descriptive and analytical statistics methods were used in the research: arithmetic mean with standard square deviation (М±SD), percentages with error (Р±m, %), Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α-coefficient), correlation according to Spearman's rank (R). Within the framework of the research, a verified translation of the questionnaire into Ukrainian was carried out for the first time with adaptation of the terminology to the specifics of the language. Pilot testing of the translated questionnaire and repeated re-testing with the same participants was conducted, which proved excellent reliability and diagnostic discriminative ability of the method (R=0.74, p<0.001). The questionnaire was tested on a representative sample (n=612) involving students of higher education institutions of Lviv. The conducted testing proved the validity and high level of reliability of the translated questionnaire: reliable values of internal consistency estimates were obtained according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient – 0.85 for the assessment of a family member and 0.80 for the self-assessment scale. Also, according to the results of the testing, it was established that 7.03±1.03% of the interviewed students had a feeling of Inferiority, and 11.11±1.27% – a feeling of superiority.
Introduction. In modern societal conditions, the pathology of the affective sphere occupies a special place among general medical problems. One of the central phenomena, both in depression and in another common affective disorder – mania, is the issue of self-esteem. Aim. To study the presence of depressive disorders depending on the presence of the inferiority phenomenon. Methods of research. The study uses data from the survey of 612 university students of higher education institutions of III and IV accreditation in Lviv, conducted in October – November 2021. Among the respondents, 57.35% (n=351) were men and 42.65% (n=261) were women. The average age of respondents was 20.31±2.99. Respondents filled out questionnaires of the Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index (CFII) to determine the presence or absence of phenomenon of inferiority (PhI) and Beck’s Depression Inventory – to determine the level of depression. Results. Most often, depression was found in the group of individuals with the index of PhI superiority, who had signs of an extreme desire to compensate for an excessive feeling of inferiority in any way. In particular, about a third (32.35% [21.83–43.86]) of those surveyed had depression, while in the group with no altered self-esteem, the value was 21.36% [17.88–25.05] (p=0.042). The highest median value of scores on the depression scale was also found in the group of individuals with the index of PhI superiority (10 [6; 15] points), p<0.001, compared to respondents with no altered self-esteem. A comparison by gender showed a significantly higher number of women with depression than men; 46.67% [29.40-64.35] of women with the index of PhI superiority had symptoms of depression. Median values of depression scores were also higher in women in all studied subgroups (p<0.05). Conclusions. Research and understanding the phenomenon of inferiority is important for its in-depth study in the context of association with other psychopathological human conditions, especially in the current environment.
УДК 316.6:159.923.2
The phenomenon of inferiority as a key concept of Adler's theory of psychology can contribute to the appearance of social anxiety. Since both anxiety and feeling of inferiority have an impact on mental and somatic health, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of the phenomenon of inferiority with the feeling of anxiety. During October-November 2021 in the course of the study, a questionnaire survey of 612 students of higher education institutions of Lviv was conducted. Two questionnaires were used for the survey: the Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index and Beck's Anxiety Inventory. The analysis of the findings was performed using the methods of descriptive (median, 25% and 75% quartiles, percentages with 95% confidence intervals) and analytical statistics (Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's post-hoc paired test, Pearson's test). The research established that the feeling of anxiety is characteristic of 54.95% [45.67-64.07] of the respondents with the Index of Superiority, 48.84% [34.17-63.61] of the respondents with the Index of Inferiority and 43.91% [39.60-48.28] of respondents with the absence of the phenomenon of altered self-esteem (Norma). Median scores on Beck's Anxiety Inventory were significantly higher in individuals with the index of superiority – 8.5 [5; 16.3] points. A comparison of the presence of anxiety by gender showed that anxiety symptoms are significantly more common in women than in men: 57.85% [51.82-63.77] vs 37.04% [32.07-42.15] respectively, p<0.001. Anxiety is most often characteristic of women with the index of superiority – 76.67% [60.16-89.79]) of women in this group. The value of the findings is determined by the fact that in Ukraine this is the first scientific study regarding the research of the association of the phenomenon of inferiority and anxiety in adult population with using proven and valid questionnaires that are actively used by scientists around the world.
Introduction Ukraine’s health and trauma system has been detrimentally impacted since the Russian Federation invasion in February 2022. The number and extent of injuries experienced in Ukraine because of trench warfare and high-intensity large-scale combat operations has not been seen in recent conflicts. Understanding attitudes and perceptions around the use of devices and products including MOVES (monitor, oxygen concentrator, ventilator, and suction system) and its use in the large-scale combat operation environment can inform lessons learned for improved prehospital care in Ukraine, as well as in other future conflicts. Material and Methods We conducted qualitative key informant interviews with military and civilian Ukrainian health care workers during the ongoing conflict using an expanded version of the Global Trauma System Evaluation Tool. We focused the analysis on identifying and understanding the capability of MOVES Micro-integrated Life Support System (SLC). Results Thirty-six participants were interviewed; 56% were military and 44% were civilians and representative of all NATO roles or levels of care. Sixty-one percent of participants were male. Seventy-two percent of participants were stationed in the Eastern and Northern regions. The mean age was 34.9 years. Sixty-seven percent of care providers reported using MOVES SLC and the remainder stated they wanted the device. The device was sometimes referenced as a “portable ventilator.” Of other donated surgical equipment, MOVES SLC was described as “unique.” A stabilization modification was suggested as a need given the ad hoc vehicles used for en-route critical care. Participants reacted positively to using MOVES SLC and the capabilities and improvements in care that MOVES SLC can provide for en-route care of critically injured patients. Conclusions MOVES SLC is well regarded by Ukrainian trauma care providers. Training may be necessary to increase the quality of care when utilizing these devices, and vehicle modifications may be necessary for use given some concerns over the equipment falling during transport. There is a need to study how this equipment improves the ability of limited medical personnel to provide prolonged care for a larger number of patients with reduced medical resupply.