Часто в засобах масової інформації, в соціальних мережах, веб-сайтах при висвітленні медичної тематики, просуванні медичного бізнесу публікуються фотографії пацієнтів. Такі дії нерідко межують з дотриманням права на приватність.

In this paper, the theme of medical neutrality is highlighted, in particular, the definition of the concept and principles are defined, and examples of medical neutrality violation through the prism of armed aggression in Ukraine are given. Medical neutrality is seen as a social agreement that obliges society to protect health workers both in time of war and peacetime, and obliges medical personnel to provide medical care to all, regardless of religion, race, ethnic origin, political affiliation or other characteristics. The internationally coordinated system for the observance of human rights is clarified, attention is focused on the guarantees enshrined in Protocol I regarding the provision of medical care, as well as on the international axioms of the protection of medical workers and guarantees of their professional activity in martial law conditions, defined in Protocol I. The issue of legal assessment of the professional activity of medical workers in the territories in which the aggressor state has established or is trying to establish an occupation regime is revealed, and a fine line between the essence of the concept of medical neutrality and the professional activities of medical workers in the temporarily occupied territories is stated, which emphasizes the need for clarity and certainty in the presentation of legal norms to prevent human rights violations.

Informed consent is one of the key principles in safeguarding human rights in the sphere of healthcare. It presupposes the expression of the patient's free will relating to his medical examinations, treatment and diagnostic procedures, as well as the physician's duty to inform the patient on the forthcoming medical interventions, including the facts regarding the potential risks of these medical interventions. This principle is one of the elements of contemporary medical law, which has marked the transfer from paternalistic medicine to a modern model of medicine, where the patient is an active participant in the process of medical treatment. In this paper, the authors illustrate the legal aspects of safeguarding the patient's right to informed consent in the legislation and legal practices of Ukraine and the Republic of Latvia. The institute of informed consent, which needs to be safeguarded, as a key element of the legitimacy of a medical intervention (such as surgery, or vaccination), requires a specific form of fulfillment, which is conducted in writing. A medical intervention, excluding cases of emergency, is legitimate only when the consent of the patient is provided; unconsented medical interventions frequently cause lawsuits, where plaintiffs seek to recover damages for performance of a medical intervention without their informed consent. The authors have highlighted these issues while commenting on the recent case law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia.

Досліджено випадки порушення права жінок на медичну допомогу в умовах воєнного часу з проєктуванням на концепцію медичного нейтралітету, констатовано порушення її принципів, зокрема доступності та гуманізму. Відзначено, що порушення принципів медичного нейтралітету є воєнним злочином за ч. 2 (b) ст. 8 Римського Статуту Міжнародного кримінального суду, а також те, що навіть в умовах воєнного часу конституційне право на охорону здоров’я, медичну допомогу та медичне страхування в Україні, не обмежено, що дозволяє кожній жінці в повному обсязі здійснювати свої права, якби не протиправні дії агресора. Проаналізовано окремі державницькі заходи, які покликані максимально сприяти в здійсненні права жінок на медичну допомогу в Україні, зокрема ліквідуючи негативні наслідки збройного конфлікту.

Briefly describe the current legal framework (all sources of law) regarding the protection and empowerment of vulnerable adults and situate this within your legal system as a whole. Consider state-ordered, voluntary and ex lege measures if applicable. Also address briefly any interaction between these measures.