Nowadays, the most common ways to dispose of acid tars and paper production waste are
burial or incineration, but it is ecologically and economically expedient to use such waste in building
materials. A new variant of filler aggregate—wastepaper sludge ash (paper production waste) and a
chemical activator for filler aggregates—acid tar (oil-refining industry waste) is proposed. Elemental
and mineralogical compositions of wastepaper sludge ash for comparison with commodity limestone
mineral powder are established. Chemical activation of wastepaper sludge ash and limestone mineral
powder was carried out and the wetting properties of the obtained materials were investigated
by means of primary and neutralized acid tar. The physical and mechanical properties of stone
mastic asphalt samples with different filler aggregate variants were studied. The possible chemical
transformations in stone mastic asphalt using limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash
activated by acid tar are shown. The possibility of replacing traditional limestone mineral powder
with industrial wastepaper sludge ash has been proven, and the effectiveness of activating filler
aggregates by acid tar has been confirmed. It was established that acid tar as an activator for filler
aggregates does not require neutralization because stone mastic asphalt, in this case, demonstrates
better properties compared to acid tar neutralization. As a result of our research, the application
of wastepaper sludge ash is possible as a filler aggregate for stone mastic asphalt. And to obtain
improved stone mastic asphalt characteristics, wastepaper sludge ash is required to activate 5 wt.%
acid tar.

A literature review of the five main theories describing the interaction mechanisms in the bitumen/aggregate system was conducted: theory of weak boundary layers, mechanical theory, electrostatic theory, chemical bonding theory, and thermodynamic theory (adsorption theory). The adhesion assessment methods in the bitumen/aggregate system are described, which can be divided into three main groups: determination of adhesion forces for bitumen with different materials, determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials, and determination of adhesion as a fundamental value (contact angle measurements, interfacial fracture energy, adsorption capacity and others). It is proposed to evaluate the quality of adhesive interaction in the bitumen/aggregate system in two stages. The authors recommend using the adhesion determination methods for these two stages from the second group of methods the determination of bitumen resistance to the exfoliating action of water with different materials. In the first stage, the adhesion in the bitumen/aggregate system is determined by an accelerated technique in which the used bitumen binder and mineral material are considered as test materials. After the first stage, there are positive results in the second tests on compacted mixtures (indirect tensile strength test, Modified Lottman indirect tension test, immersion-compression test, and Hamburg wheel tracking test).

Purpose: Diabetes care, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is recognised as a growing challenge in emergency situations. During the humanitarian crisis of war in Ukraine, it is important to focus on ensuring that patients have access to essential medicines for T2D. Since 1 April 2017, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine has been implementing the government programme "Aordable medicines". e List of reimbursed medicines necessary for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes and bronchial asthma includes 3 glucose lowering medicines (GLMs) - gliclazide, metformin, glibenclamide. From 01 April 2019, electronic prescribing has been implemented as part of the "Aordable Medicines" programme. It is important to investigate changes in the availability and aordability of GLMs for the treatment of T2D during the war and future directions in 2022-2023 in Ukraine.
Methods: Information from the State Register of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from March 2023 and February 2022 (before the start of the war) was the subject of the study. Marketing, analytical, graphical, generalisation analyses were applied. Analysis of the cost of 1 DDD GLM according to the WHO ATC/DDD index and solvency ratio analysis were applied.
Results: is study is based on actual data from before the war in Ukraine and now shows that the aordability and
availability of GLMs during the war in 2022-2023 has not changed dramatically. e 'Aordable Medicines' program
was stably implemented, with €111.9 million allocated in 2023 and within 6 months of 2023. e National Health
Service of Ukraine reimbursed €42.8 million to pharmacies for the Reimbursement List. Most Ukrainian manufacturers and foreign GLMs are very aordable due to the reimbursement system. From October 2023, 23 names of test stripes were included in the Reimbursement list of the "Aordable medicines" programme. However, foreign GLMs of innovative groups are moderately aordable for the working population based on the calculated solvency ratio.

УДК 214.6/.7:314:612:013(100) 

Мета дослідження. Наукове встановлення та обґрунтування Божих настанов про час перебування людини в земному періоді її буття та їх екстраполяція в сьогоденні реалії тривалості життя населення світу.

 Матеріали та методи. Виконано епідеміологічне, одномоментне, суцільне дослідження Святого Письма та проведено аналіз даних Глобальної обсерваторії здоров’я ВООЗ за 2019 рік з використанням комп’ютерного пакету Microsoft Office Excel (2021) при застосовуванні низки наукових медико-біостатистичних методів з врахуванням принципів системності.

Результати. Встановлені та науково обґрунтовані чотири Господні вказівки щодо часового виміру перебування людини у земному періоді життя: безсмертність; час на покаяння та виправлення в n=120 років; вік у 70-80 років; вік n=<70 років.

Доведено, що тривалість життя на Землі в 2019 році, згідно показника «очікуваної тривалості життя при народженні» у Р=~60% населення країн світу відповідає третьому біблійному канону перебування людини на Землі (n=70-80 років), тоді як Р=~40% населення мали вік n=<70 років (четвертий Божий період), хоча у світі зустрічаються поодинокі випадки, коли людина проживає і до n=120 років (другий Божий вік).

Аргументовано, що скорочення земного періоду життя Божих персонажів напряму залежить як від їх віддаленості від Господа Бога через жахіття гріха, так і від обраного ними способу життя, а також наявної глобальної системи влади, яка роз'їдає духовні та моральні засади християнства.

Висновки. Результати засвідчують про встановлені чотири Господні вказівки щодо часового виміру перебування людини у земному періоді життя та поступове скорочення земного періоду її життя через наявну віддаленість від її первісної досконалості Богу серед усіх наступних поколінь з причини безбожництва та через неправильно обраний спосіб життя, а також наявної глобальної система влади у світі, яка роз'їдає духовні та моральні засади християнства, що і ставить під сумнів надію на її спасіння і вічне життя людини з Богом у Небесах.

Ключові слова: Господь Бог, людина, Святе Письмо, Божі настанови, час перебування на Землі, роки, спосіб життя, показник, тривалість життя, безбожність, світ. 

Aim of the study. The scientific establishment and substantiation of God’s instructions for the duration of a person’s stay in the earthly period of his existence with their extrapolation in the current reality of the life expectancy of the population of the world and Ukraine in 2019.

Materials and methods. An epidemiological, one-time, continuous study of the Holy Scriptures was carried out and an analysis of the data of the WHO Global Health Observatory for 2019 was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel (2021) computer package, using a number of scientific medical and biostatistical methods taking into account the principles of systematicity.

Results. The Lord's four instructions regarding the temporal dimension of the person's stay in the earthly period of his life have been established and scientifically substantiated: immortality; time for repentance and correction in n=120 years; age of 70-80 years; age n=<70 years.

It has been proven that the life expectancy on Earth in 2019, according to the indicator of "life expectancy at birth" in Р=~60% of the population of the countries of the world, corresponds to the third biblical canon regarding the time of the person's stay on Earth (n=70-80 years), while Р=~40% of the population is aged n=<70 years (the fourth God's period of the person's earthly life), although there are isolated cases in the world when the person lives up to n=120 років (the second age of God).

It is argued that the person's distance from the Lord God due to the horror of sin depends both on the way of life chosen by him and on the global system of power, which erodes the spiritual and moral foundations of Christianity and gradually shortens the earthly life period of the main characters of God.

Conclusions. The results testify to the existing distance of man from his original perfection to God among all subsequent generations due to godlessness due to wrongly chosen lifestyle, while the existing global system of power in the world contributes to this, as it erodes the spiritual and moral foundations of Christianity and gradually shortens the earthly life period the main characters of God and calls into question the hope for their salvation and the eternal life of the person with God in Heaven.

Key words: Lord God, human, Holy Scripture, God's instructions, time on Earth, years, way of life, indicator, life expectancy, godlessness, world.