UDC: 616.155.3-097.37:612.176:612.017.1:575.75.8

Abstract
The aim of our study is to elucidate changes in the content of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the blood serum of guinea pigs in the dynamics of experimental immobilization stress. The dynamics of the immobilization stress is accompanied by a pronounced progression of the proinflammatory group of cytokines - TNF-α and IL-6 against theт background of declining functional activity of IL-10 at all stages of their formation (3 rd, 5 th and 15 th days) with an advantage on the 3 rd day of the experiment. The data obtained indicate an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and impaired cytokinogenesis, which is important for the pathogenesis in immobilization stress.
Key words: immobilization stress; tumor necrosis factor – α; interleukins; cytokines.

UDC: 616.314.18-002.4-099]-092.4/.9

Abstract The aim of our work was to investigate the peculiarities of changes in endogenous rates: medium mass molecules (MMM) and erythrocyte intoxication index (EII) in the blood of guinea pigs in the experimental periodontitis formation. The results of biochemical studies showed that at all stages of the development of experimental periodontitis, there is a consistent increase in the degree of endogenous with their dominance on the 15 th of the experiment relative to the control, namely, the content of medium-mass molecules (МMМ254, МMМ280) and the erythrocyte intoxication index (EII) increased in blood, respectively, by 24.8% (р≤0.05), 28.2% (р≤0.05) and 34.7% (р≤0.05) compared to the first group of animals, which indicates an increase in the processes and the important role of metabolites of endogenous intoxication and their participation in the mechanisms of formation of experimental periodontitis. 
Key words: periodontitis; stress; endogenous intoxication; medium mass molecules; erythrocyte intoxication index

 

УДК: 616.986.7-036.21(477.83)

Вступ. У деяких регіонах Львівщини захворюваність на лептоспіроз перевищує показник 10/100 тис. населення. Відтак, визначення зон ризику інфікування цією недугою у Львівській області є актуальним з огляду на потребу в прогнозуванні епідситуації щодо цього захворювання.

Мета роботи. Метою нашої роботи була оцінка територіального поширення лептоспірозу та встановлення територій високого ризику інфікування цією недугою у Львівській області із застосуванням геокартографічних систем.

Методи. За допомогою геоінформаційної системи з використанням програми QGIS 2.0.1, на основі попередньо створеної електронної структурованої бази даних із внесеною в неї інформацією із використанням програми Microsoft Excel (дані за 2008-2019 рр.) проведено аналіз щодо випадків лептоспірозу у людей та зараженості мишовидних гризунів на території Львівщини.

Результати. За допомогою ГІС-технологій проведено пошарове нанесення даних на карту Львівської області – випадків захворювання на лептоспіроз у людей (n=259) та зараженості мишовидних гризунів (n=3524) із врахуванням географічних координат по кожному конкретному випадку. Виявлено, що найвищою зараженість гризунів є у Лісостеповій зоні – 13,16%, проти 10,66% у Лісовій зоні та 10,26% у зоні Українських Карпат (р < 0,05). Подібну закономірність виявлено й щодо захворюваності на лептоспіроз у людей: вірогідно частіше випадки хвороби фіксувались у Лісостеповій зоні – 62,94%, порівняно з Лісовою зоною (24,32%) та зоною Українських Карпат (12,74%), р < 0,001.

Висновки. Застосування ГІС-технологій дало змогу отримати просторове уявлення про розповсюдженість лептоспірозу на Львівщині. Проведене зонування території Львівської області, на основі ландшафтно-географічного розподілу, дало змогу визначити, що територією найвищого ризику зараження лептоспірозом для людей є лісо-степова зона Львівщини.

Introduction and aim. Earlier, by applying the water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) model, we reproduced primary attributes of stress and found that the severity of the damage to the gastric mucosa correlates with changes in ECG parameters, which indicate myocardial dystrophy. Further, it was found that such a connection is caused by the damaging effect on both targets of increasing the level of parathyroid hormone, as well as the production of aldosterone and catecholamines by enlarged adrenal glands. In addition, an increase in the level of corticosterone and sympathetic tone with a simultaneous decrease in vagal tone as well as serum calcitonin and testosterone cause damage to the gastric mucosa, but not to the myocardium. Such a constellation of neuro-endocrine reactions to stressors determines the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 73%. The purpose of this study is to find out metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiogram and gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Material and methods. The experiment is at 18 male and 20 female Wistar rats. Over the 10 days, one animal remained intact and 3 other rats were exposed to WIRS. The next day after stressing, immune and metabolic parameters as well as ECG and gastric mucosa injuries was recorded. Results. Serum levels of Phosphates, Сatalase and α-LP Cholesterol as well as erythrocyte level of Potassium and Na,K-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte are positively correlated with ECG markers of myocardial damage, and negatively correlated with visual markers of damage to the gastric mucosa. Erythrocyte level of Sodium and serum levels of Potassium and Alkaline Phosphatase reflect the intactness of the gastric mucosa only. While serum level of Calcium reflects damage to the gastric mucosa. Taken together, the listed metabolic factors determine the morpho-functional state of the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 72% (R=0.851). Damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium is more severe, the lower the bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils, and the greater the mass of the thymus. The spleen mass and the content of fibroblasts in the thymus are negatively correlated only with the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa, while the percentages of reticulocytes and lymphoblasts in the spleen are positively correlated with it. Finally, the higher the percentage of macrophages in the thymus, the deeper the damage to the myocardium. The canonical correlation between the listed immune parameters and markers of the two targets of stressors is very strong (R=0.809). Conclusion. Water-immersion and restraint stress causes changes in the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, which lead to changes in the metabolome and damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium.

Introduction and aim. Earlier our group showed that the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” (UPhCBT) exerts classical adaptogenic effects on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex as well as biophotonics and acupuncture in humans with maladaptation. The list of important properties of adaptogens includes their stress-limiting effect, which is usually tested in an experiment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify modulating effects of UPhCBT on post-stress changes in neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram (ECG), and gastric mucosa at rats. Material and methods. The experiment is at 18 male and 20 female Wistar rats. 10 animals remained intact with free access to tap daily water. Rats of the control group for 7 days loaded through a tube with same tap daily water (2 mL once), while the animals of main groups received according to a similar scheme 0,1 mL of PhCBT dissolved in 2 mL of daily water or bottled table water “Truskavetska”™. Over the next 10 days, one animal remained intact and 3 other rats were exposed to acute (4 hours) water-immersion and restraint stress. The next day after stressing, EEG, endocrine, immune and metabolic parameters as well as gastric mucosa injuries was recorded. Results. Acute stress causes in control animals an increase in sympathetic tone, serum levels of catecholamines and corticosterone, combined with a decrease in vagal tone and serum testosterone levels. Such a neuro-endocrine reaction is accompanied by damage to the myocardium and gastric mucosa, an increase in the percentage of macrophages and fibroblasts in the thymus, entropy in the spleen, natural killer cells in the blood. Instead, the mass of the spleen and the percentage of lymphoblasts in it, theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes in the blood, the content of α-LP cholesterol in the serum, as well as the catalase and Na,K-ATPase activity of erythrocytes, decrease. Preventive use of phytocomposition, first of all, minimizes or even completely prevents damage to the myocardium and adverse post-stress deviations from the norm of listed parameters. Secondly, it initiates an increase in the level of PTH and the activity of serum acid phosphatase, the percentage of reticulocytes in the spleen and the intensity of phagocytosis of blood neutrophils, but at the same time a decrease in their bactericidal activity, as well as the percentage of monocytes and B-lymphocytes in the blood. Thirdly, it potentiates the post-stress increase in sympathetic tone and damage to the gastric mucosa, as well as natural killers, on the one hand, and the decrease in vagal tone, the level of testosterone in the serum, as well as the mass of the spleen - on the other hand. Fourthly, it reverses the activity of catalase of erythrocytes and the entropy of the splenocytogram. Conclusion. Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets” has a generally favorable adaptogenic effect on the post-stress state of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolome. However, there are certain adverse effects as the so-called adaptation fee.