UDC [591.4+612.084]:616.716.8 

The research was devoted to the study of the processes of regeneration of the alveolar process of the jaws of experimental animals under the influence of osteotropic drugs. The study was conducted on 50 Wistar rats of herd breeding aged 30 days at the beginning of the experiment. The duration of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment under thiopental anesthesia, and the jaws were isolated. Excised fragments of jaw bone tissue were fixed in neutral 10 % formalin, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The experimental study on animals made it possible to study the effectiveness of the phased application of osteotropic drugs on the processes of local bone resorption. These studies should be taken into account in the development of treatment and prevention complexes for children with osteogenesis disorders.
Key words: rats, experimental research, osteogenesis, complex of preparations, carcinogenic diet.

UDC 616.314-089.5:616.716.4 

The study was dedicated to the improvement of the safety and effectiveness of conduction anesthesia on the mandible using an alternative method of mandibular anesthesia with appropriate anatomical justification and further testing of its clinical effectiveness. The anthropometric parameters of 91 dry anatomical preparations of the adult mandible were studied. Clinical observations were conducted in 440 patients aged 18 to 65 years. A total of 220 anesthetizations were performed using the traditional Inferior Alveolar Block technique and 220 anesthetizations using the Back Low Block technique for the treatment of caries and its complications. According to the results of a comparative evaluation of mandibular anesthesia using the traditional and the proposed methods with the use of standard anesthetic, a greater effectiveness of anesthesia in the Back Low Block technique was proved, as evidenced by an increase in the index of local anesthesia.

UDC 616.314-002:616.8]-053.2

Epidemiological studies show a high prevalence of dental caries among children in Ukraine, ranging from 53.84% to 96.67%. Somatic pathology is a significant risk factor for the onset and development of caries. In Ukraine, the number of children in need of mental development correction is growing. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the features of dental caries in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. We examined 108 children aged 13-18 years with neuropsychiatric disorders (main group) and 86 practically healthy children (comparison group). The main group consisted of 48 children with mild to moderate mental retardation, 38 children with autism, and 22 children with Down syndrome. We studied the prevalence of caries (in %), caries intensity (CSI) and level of dental care (LDC).
It was found that in children with neuropsychiatric disorders, the prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher than in children in the comparison group and on average is 92.60±2.52% with a caries intensity of 8.56±0.54 teeth, and 75.58±4.63% and CSI = 5.17±0.47 teeth, respectively (p<0.001). It was found that the prevalence of caries was higher in children with Down syndrome than in children with mild mental retardation and autism. The level of dental care for children was analyzed and it was found that children aged 13-15 years, including the comparison group, have an insufficient level of dental care, which is, however, at the age of 16-18 years the level of dental care has significantly improved

Abstract
Introduction. The periodontal disease is one of the leading challenges in modern dentistry, due to its high prevalence in people of all ages, to the lack of methods for nosological diagnosis and to effective prevention and treatments. Undoubtedly, excessive alcohol consumption has a detrimental effect on the body, in particular on the liver. We have proven that not only alcohol consumption, but also prolonged inhalation of alcohol, occurring during alcohol production, lead to liver disfunction and to hepatitis. At the same time, the condition of the liver significantly affects the condition of other organs and systems, including the tissues of the oral cavity (“hepato-oral syndrome”).

Aim. To determine the characteristic features of pathomorphological changes in the gums and liver of experimental animals under the influence of alcohol inhalation.

Materials and methods. White Wistar rats were used in the experiments. 4 experimental groups were formed. Experimental periodontitis in rats was modelled by converting the animals to a peroxide model of periodontitis with the addition of the usual diet of peroxidized sunflower oil, at a dose of 1 ml per animal. The material of the study was provided by the biopsies of the mucous membrane of the gums and liver tissue of experimental rats. General histomorphology was studied on drugs stained with Ehrlich hematoxylin – eosin, by the method of van Gizon.

Results and discussion. Pathomorphological changes in the gums of animals from the experimental group IV show the presence in the gums of rats of focal wet and dry necrosis of their epithelial layer. The epithelial areas become homogeneous and intensely stained blue with hematoxylin. Hyperplasia and desquamation of the superficial layers of the epithelium are observed near the areas of necrosis. The
necrotic areas are separated and ulcers are formed in their place. In such places, an inflammatory infiltration of the subepithelial connective tissue, a sharp dilation of blood vessels, hemorrhage, may be observed. Histological examination of the liver evidenced that animals treated with alcohol inhalation showed perivascular lymphoid infiltration of the liver of moderate severity. Focal vacuolar degeneration of the small groups of hepatocytes is also characteristic.

Conclusions. The pathomorphological changes in rats with simulated periodontitis caused by inhalation exposure to ethanol vapor revealed vacuolar epitheliocyte distrophy, hyperplasia and desquamation of the surface layers of the epithelium.
Keywords: histomorphology, gums, liver, alcohol inhalation

УДК 616.311.2-002.2-036:616.98]-053.2

Мета дослідження. Вивчити поширеність та особливості перебігу хронічного катарального гінгівіту у дітей на тлі психоневрологічних розладів. Матеріал і методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети було обстежено 108 дітей віком 13–18 років з психоневрологічними розладами (основна група) та 86 практично здорових дітей (група порівняння). Результати дослідження. При аналізі отриманих результатів у дітей основної групи хронічний катаральний гінгівіт (ХКГ) виявлено, в середньому, у 75,79±5,13%, що в 1,6 рази більше, ніж у дітей групи порівняння (47,15±4,02%, 
р<0,05). Виявлено, що у дітей з розумовою відсталістю поширеність ХКГ була найвищою і складала 90,42±5,96%, що майже в два рази більше відносно групи порівняння (р˂0,05), у дітей з синдромом Дауна – в 1,6 рази (р˂0,05), у дітей з аутизмом – майже в 1,3 рази (р˂0,05). При аналізі за нозологічними формами основного захворювання виявлено, що у дітей з затримкою психічного розвитку частота ХКГ була найвищою, у дітей з синдромом Дауна – майже в 1,2 рази нижчою у порівнянні з дітьми з розумовою відсталістю (р˂0,05), а у дітей з аутизмом – нижчою майже в 1,5 рази (р˂0,05). При цьому поширеність ХКГ у дітей з аутизмом була в 1,2 рази нижчою, ніж у дітей з синдромом Дауна (р˂0,05). Виявлено, що легкий ступінь важкості ХКГ найбільш часто діагностували серед дітей віком 13–15 та 16–18 років з аутизмом, натомість середній ступінь важкості ХКГ у віці 13–15 років частіше виявлено у дітей з синдромом Дауна, а у 16–18 років – у дітей з розумовою відсталістю. Тяжку форму ХКГвизначали у більшої кількості 13–15-річних дітей з розумовою відсталістю, але у віці 16–18 років цю форму більш часто діагностували у дітей з синдромом Дауна. Висновки. Таким чином, у дітей з різними психоневрологічними розладами спостерігається висока поширеність хронічного катарального гінгівіту. Частота та важкість перебігу хронічного катарального гінгівіту залежить від форми супутньої патології.
Ключові слова: хронічний катаральний гінгівіт, розумова відсталість, синдром Дауна, аутизм, поширеність, діти.