The demand for dependable near-infrared (NIR) probes, capable of sustained fluorescence within living systems and facile conjugation with biomolecules like antibodies and proteins, has been significantly on the rise, attributed to the substantial rise in the use of NIR imaging techniques and devices, with extensive integration into clinical diagnostics. Antibody conjugates are vital for targeted and selective bioimaging, enabling precise visualization of specific biomolecules within complex biological systems. Their multiplexing capability allows simultaneous detection of multiple targets, while their dynamic imaging capability enables real-time monitoring of cellular processes. Clinically, antibody conjugates have significant applications in disease prognosis, diagnosis, and monitoring. In this work, we report the synthesis of a new symmetrical NIR squaraine dye (SQ-58) with multiple carboxy anchoring groups for ease of coupling with antibodies. The dye showed decreased absorption and fluorescence intensity in phosphate buffer (PB) due to enhanced dye-aggregate formation. However, in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PB, SQ-58 showed an enhanced fluorescence signal along concentrations of BSA. SQ-58 showed no cytotoxicity when tested in white laboratory mice while providing strong fluorescence when injected in vivo. Conjugation of SQ-58 through the carboxylic groups to the isotypic mouse IgG antibodies (IgG-SQ-58) resulted in uniform distribution of the targeted molecule in the whole cardiovascular system. The NIR signal of IgG-SQ-58 was stable for at least 7 days allowing the possibility of long-term imaging. Conjugation of SQ-58 to antibodies raised against NK-Ly lymphoma tumor cells allowed efficient discrimination of tumor cells grown in the abdomen of laboratory mice. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a biocompatible NIR dye, SQ-58, that can be easily conjugatable to biomolecules, and its antibody conjugates for a wide range of bioimaging applications.

Abstract:

Purpose. Analysis of the theoretical-methodical and practical principles of ensuring the socio-ethical values of the functioning of Ukrainian companies and the development of potential scenarios for the development of events in the conditions of the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Methodology. The research methodology includes the following methods:

- dialectical and hermeneutic method – to identify changes and connections in the socially oriented approach of companies and their consequences;- scenario modeling – to determine the consequences of decisions made by company management regarding changes in social and ethical values in the short- and long-term;

- system analysis – to analyze the interrelationships of changes in the socio-ethical values of business and their consequences for the company’s management and other interested parties;

- PESTLE analysis – to stratify international documents in the field of CSR and socio-ethical and other factors affecting the functioning of companies;

- grouping – to classify companies according to the observance of social and ethical principles of work within the framework of CSR.

Findings. It is noted that in terms of sustainable development, company management should pay attention to the issues of CSR, including social and ethical values. In the international legal field, documents have been developed under the auspices of the UN regarding CSR, some of which have been ratified in Ukraine. This group of documents is optional for use by company management, but affects access to international capital markets, rating and reporting transparency. Companies in the energy sector and metal rolling implement the principles, standards and norms of social and ethical business into their practice, ensuring a positive reputation and image, supporting social infrastructure and welfare of employees and the general population, etc.

Originality. The conducted analysis made it possible for the first time to stratify international documents on CSR and factors related to social and ethical values of companies using PESTLE analysis. Potential scenarios for the development of companies in the short- and long-term are developed and described in terms of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business.

Practical value. The given stratification of international documents for socio-ethical business conduct can be useful for the scientific community and in educational institutions. The developed scenarios of the functioning of companies in the conditions of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business will be useful to company managers, specialists and scientists investigating CSR issues.

According to world publications, mutations in the SERPINA1 gene may be a genetic risk factor for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and, consequently, rapid progression of respiratory dysfunction. This disease leads to a decrease in the level of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein. It is inherited by autosomal recessive type, but there are registered cases of codominance. In the absence of treatment, diseases of the respiratory system become chronic and lead to disability in adulthood. Early diagnosis of AAT deficiency is important to prevent complications and reduce mortality among people with this pathology. Due to these factors, genetic testing of SERPINA1 gene mutations in children with chronic lung diseases is appropriate to detect and prevent severe complications, associated with AATD. The aim of this work is to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis of AAT deficiency in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis by identifying different genotypes and phenotypes of A1AT deficiency, studying their relationship with the clinical course of respiratory diseases in children.
Keywords SERPINA1 gene, Alpha1-antitrypsin, bronchial asthma, codominance, heterozygous, liver, lungs, genotype,
phenotype, recessive.

616.12-036.886:613.73]-053.5-07-084

Випадки смерті дітей під час уроків фізкультури трапляються щороку не тільки в Україні, але й у всьому світі; і завжди це події, які набувають широкого розголосу. За даними Центру контролю і профілактики захворювань (CDC) США, щороку в США від раптової зупинки серця помирає близько 2000 молодих, на перший погляд здорових людей віком до 25 років.Мета — на підставі огляду літератури проаналізувати причини раптової зупинки серця (РЗС) у дітей та підлітків під час фізичних наван-тажень; визначити основні способи профілактики РЗС, надавши лікарям сімейної медицини практичну та актуальну інформацію щодо стратегії скринінгу, оцінювання та управління ризиком розвитку РЗС у дітей.Лікарі первинної ланки, які спостерігають пацієнтів, починаючи від немовляти до підліткового віку, мають довготривалі стосунки з ди-тиною та родиною і відіграють основну роль у профілактиці раптової серцевої смерті в дітей, адже проводять медичний огляд та пробу Руф’є усіх дітей перед вступом до школи та визначають групу занять на урок фізкультури з метою попередження цих трагічних випадків.Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.Ключові слова: раптова зупинка серця, гіпертрофічна кардіоміопатія, шлуночкова тахікардія, фібриляція шлуночків, проба Руф’є, електрокардіографія, ехокардіографія

Deaths of children during physical education classes occur every year not only in Ukraine but also around the world, and these are always events that receive wide publicity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), every year in the United States, about 2,000 young, apparently healthy people under the age of 25 die from sudden cardiac arrest.Aim — to analyze the causes of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in children and adolescents during physical activities and to identify the main ways to prevention of SCA, providing family physicians with practical and relevant information on the strategy of screening, assessment and management of the risk of developing SCA in children during physical activities.Primary care physicians (PCPs), who see patients from infancy to adolescence and have a long-term relationship with the child and family play a key role in preventing sudden cardiac arrest in children. They conduct a medical examination and Rufier test for all children before they enter school and determine the group of activities for physical education classes to prevent these tragic events.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.Keywords:  sudden  cardiac  arrest,  hypertrophic  cardiomyopathy,  ventricular  tachycardia,  ventricular  fibrillation,  Rufier's  test, ECG, echocardiography.