Introduction: The cervical screening goal is to detect and treat precancers before cancer. We wanted to understand why errors in the clinical diagnostic and management of patients with persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV); infection occur in gynecological practice.
Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate 3 clinically important complications of situations for women aged 18-45 years. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy by colposcopy visualization, cytology and biopsy results, and presence of HPV infection. We aimed to analyze the false-negative (FN) cytology diagnoses inpatients with presence of HPV, colposcopy visualization, histologically proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3.
Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of errors in the management of patients was carried out, in treatment methods, especially with the use of cryodestruction, colposcopy pictures, results of cytological and histological conclusion, results of examination for oncogenic types of papillomavirus were presented.
Discussion: After analyzing all errors in the management of patients with persistence of papillomavirus and preliminary cryotherapy of the cervix, the main reasons that led to the progression of the disease up to cervical cancer were noted.
Conclusion: In the presence of papillomavirus, cryodestruction of the cervix is not advisable, even if no cervical dysplasia was detected by histological conclusions

ABSTRACT
The aim: The aim of our study was to determine effect of whole body vibration on the bone tissue remodeling, determine the correlation between bone mineral density, markers of bone metabolism and level of vibration stimulus. 
Materials and methods: Four experimental groups Wistar rats were exposed to vertical whole body vibration during 28 days. Blood intake and QCT-scanning of the lumbar spine was performed on the 28th and 56th day of study. 
Results: The largest loss of trabecular bone was observed in experimental groups III (0.51g) and IV (1.15g), which was decreasing to 12% (p<0.05) and 14% (p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control group. After 56th day of the experiment, bone loss dynamics was the following: in the 1st
 group ≤ 10% (p <0.05), in the 2nd ≤ 12% (p <0.05), in the 3rd ≤ 17 % (p <0.05), and 4th  ≤ 22% (p <0.05) compared with the control group. Changes in the level of hydroxyproline in the first experimental group were not statistically significant (p>0.05), in the second group – increased by 19.3% compared with the control rates, in the third – by 65.3%, and in the fourth – the level doubled (p<0.05). Increase of free hydroxyproline indicates violations in the balance between destruction and compensatory acceleration of collagen biosynthesis, which gradually decreases up to the 56th  day. It has been determined that with the increase in vibration frequency, elevation of osteocalcin level in rats’ blood is observed. 
Conclusions: Acceleration 0.51g increases the rate of bone metabolism, causes collagen metabolism disorders, loss of bone mineral mass, which further leads to osteoporosis. 
  KEY WORDS: bone, whole body vibration, mineral density, bone remodelling

UDC 616.12-008.331.1

Abstract. Background. The prevalence of obesity in children has a trend of constant growth. A third of the pediatric population suffers from excess body weight and obesity, which are associated with such pathological conditions as hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS) and early cardiovascular dysfunction. Waist circumference (WC) measurement is a simple noninvasive screening tool to identify children with abdominal obesity, MS, and increased cardiovascular risk. The purpose of the study was to develop age- and gender-specific WC percentiles for Ukrainian children aged 10–17 years and to determine possible WC cut-offs for detecting abdominal obesity. Materials and methods. 1566 children aged 10–17 were examined, 759 boys and 807 girls. According to the WHO protocol, WC was measured using a flexible centimeter tape in a standing position midway between the lower rib and the upper front edge of the ilium. The threshold point for detecting abdominal obesity was WC ≥ 90th percentile of the distribution according to age and sex (IDF Consensus, 2007). Results. Age and gender percentiles of WC and cut-off at the level of the 90th percentile in Ukrainian children and adolescents are presented. The importance of gender assessment of WC lies in the reliable difference of indicators in children aged 10–12 and 15–17 years and growth of parameters with age in both boys and girls. The need for age assessment of WC is due to increasing the 90th percentile indicators in girls aged 10–17 from 76 to 90.5 cm and in boys from 75.9 to 94 cm. The data obtained can serve as a source for screening and identifying children with abdominal obesity, increased metabolic risk and a better understanding of current trends in childhood obesity. It has been suggested that new WC reference values should be added to clinical examinations to help pediatricians and family physicians reduce cardiovascular risk in children. Conclusions. In the diagnosis of MS in children, it is recommended to use the proposed specific percentiles of WC for sex and age, the values of which ≥ 90th percentile of the distribution should be utilized for detection of abdominal obesity and further diagnosis of MS. Measuring and evaluating WC in routine pediatric examinations is important.

УДК 616.211/.232-022:579.6:616-078-092]:614.253.4-057.87 

 Наведено результати дослідження біоценозу верхніх дихальних шляхів у студентів –медиків. Досліджено індигенну та умовно –патогенну мікрофлору передніх відділів носа та ротоглотки. Виявлено мікроекологчні порушення, обумовлені , в основному, контамінацією умовно - патогенною мікрофлорою. Запропоновано методи корекції виявлених порушень.

УДК 615.281.8:615.375:578.834:616-092.4

Резюме.  Ситуація  з  пандемією  COVID-19  у  світі  до  сьогодні  залишається  напруженою.  Особливості  її  збудників  спричиняють  невисоку  ефективність  застосування  наявних  специфічних  етіотропних  препаратів, що зумовлює необхідність пошуку нових активних засобів боротьби з цією небезпечною інфекційною недугою. Оскільки при СOVID-19 значною мірою порушується функція Т-клітинного імунітету, доцільно  з’ясувати  вплив  корекції  цієї  ланки  імунної  відповіді  на  перебіг  коронавірусної  інфекції.  З  цією  метою було проведене скринінгове дослідження щодо визначення ефективності препарату тимусу тималіну в експерименті на лабораторних мишах, інфікованих вірусом гепатиту мишей, що належить до тієї ж підгрупи коронавірусів, до якої входить і збудник пандемії COVID-19 вірус SARS-CoV-2. Встановлено, що досліджуваний препарат викликав вірогідний захист інфікованих мишей на рівні 45,0–60,0 % порівняно з контролем та збільшував середню тривалість життя піддослідних тварин на 2,6–5,6 дня порівняно з контролем, що у відсотковому відношенні становить 51–110 %. Отримані результати можуть бути  підставою  для  проведення  регламентованих  клінічних  випробувань  з  метою  застосування  даного  офіційного лікарського засобу у клінічній практиці для профілактики і лікування коронавірусних інфекцій людей, у тому числі COVID-19.

Abstract. The situation with the COVID-19 pandemic in the world is still tense. Due to the peculiarities of its pathogens, there is a low efficiency in the use of available specific etiotropic drugs, which leads to the need to search for new active means of comba­ting this dangerous infectious disease. Since the function of T-cell immunity is significantly impaired in COVID-19, it is advisable to find out the effect of correcting this part of the immune response on the course of coronavirus infection. For this purpose, a screening study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the thymus preparation thymalin in an experiment on laboratory mice infected with murine hepatitis virus, which belongs to the same subgroup of coronaviruses that includes SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that the study drug significantly protected infected mice at the level of 45.0–60.0 % compared to the controls and increased the average life expectancy of the test animals by 2.6–5.6 days compared to the control group, which in percentage terms is 51–110 %. The results obtained can serve as the basis for conducting regulated clinical trials with the aim of using this official medicinal product in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections in humans, including COVID-19.