The anti-aging effects of alpha-lipoic acid (αLA), a natural antioxidant synthesized in human tissues, have attracted a growing interest in recent years. αLA is a short- -chain sulfur-containing fatty acid occurring in the mitochondria of all kinds of eukaryotic cells. Both the oxidized disulfide of αLA and its reduced form (dihydrolipoic acid, DHLA) exhibit prominent antioxidant function. The amount of αLA inside the human body gradually decreases with age resulting in various health disorders. Its lack can be compensated by supplying from external sources such as dietary supplements or medicinal dosage forms. The primary objectives of this study were the analysis of updated information on the latest two-decade research regarding the use of αLA from an anti-aging perspective. The information was collected from PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov. Numerous in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies revealed that αLA shows a protective role in biological systems by direct or indirect reactive oxygen/nitrogen species quenching. αLA demonstrated beneficial properties in the prevention and treatment of many age-related disorders such as neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, different cancers, nephropathy, infertility, and skin senescence. Its preventive effects in case of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are of particular interest. Further mechanistic and clinical studies are highly recommended to evaluate the wide spectrum of αLA therapeutic potential that could optimize its dietary intake for prevention and alleviation disorders related to aging.

Abstract:

Purpose. Analysis of the theoretical-methodical and practical principles of ensuring the socio-ethical values of the functioning of Ukrainian companies and the development of potential scenarios for the development of events in the conditions of the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Methodology. The research methodology includes the following methods:

- dialectical and hermeneutic method – to identify changes and connections in the socially oriented approach of companies and their consequences;- scenario modeling – to determine the consequences of decisions made by company management regarding changes in social and ethical values in the short- and long-term;

- system analysis – to analyze the interrelationships of changes in the socio-ethical values of business and their consequences for the company’s management and other interested parties;

- PESTLE analysis – to stratify international documents in the field of CSR and socio-ethical and other factors affecting the functioning of companies;

- grouping – to classify companies according to the observance of social and ethical principles of work within the framework of CSR.

Findings. It is noted that in terms of sustainable development, company management should pay attention to the issues of CSR, including social and ethical values. In the international legal field, documents have been developed under the auspices of the UN regarding CSR, some of which have been ratified in Ukraine. This group of documents is optional for use by company management, but affects access to international capital markets, rating and reporting transparency. Companies in the energy sector and metal rolling implement the principles, standards and norms of social and ethical business into their practice, ensuring a positive reputation and image, supporting social infrastructure and welfare of employees and the general population, etc.

Originality. The conducted analysis made it possible for the first time to stratify international documents on CSR and factors related to social and ethical values of companies using PESTLE analysis. Potential scenarios for the development of companies in the short- and long-term are developed and described in terms of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business.

Practical value. The given stratification of international documents for socio-ethical business conduct can be useful for the scientific community and in educational institutions. The developed scenarios of the functioning of companies in the conditions of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business will be useful to company managers, specialists and scientists investigating CSR issues.

УДК: [616.24-002.5:615.015.8]:[577.1:616.15]:616-08:615.33

Мета. Вивчити значимість біохімічних та інтегральних гематологічних показників для оцінки ефективності режимів хіміотерапії (ХТ) мультирезистентного туберкульозу (МР ТБ) у хворих з різними прогностично несприятливими детермінантами лікування.

Об’єкт і методи дослідження. У 58 хворих з новими випадками та рецидивом МР ТБ вивчали показники системної запальної відповідь (СЗВ), ендогенної інтоксикації (ЕІ), маркери функціональних порушень печінки та нирок, гемограму крові до та після застосування ХТ: 28 осіб отримували режими лікування бедаквіліном, 30 – індивідуалізовані режими лікування (ІРЛ) без бедаквіліну. Одержані цифрові результати оброблені методами варіаційної статистики.

Результати дослідження та їх встановлення. Встановлено, що значення гематологічних індексів інтоксикації (ІЛШОЕ, ІСЛМ) та індексу активності запалення (ІЛГ) корелюють з показниками СЗВ, маркерами білок синтезуючих процесів в печінці. Виявлено, що накопичення ендотоксинів призводить до розбалансування біохімічного гомеостазу і порушення функцій ферментативних систем клітинних мембран, що впливає на ефективність ХТ. Визначення показників апробованого комплексу дає змогу удосконалити індивідуальний підхід до ведення випадку МР ТБ легень не тільки в інтенсивній фазі лікування на стаціонарному етапі, а й на амбулаторному етапі доліковування. При застосуванні бедаквіліну констатовано зростання частоти припинення бактеріовиділення (90,2% проти 82,1%) та позитивної рентгенологічної динаміки (72,2% проти 64,2% у референтній групі), що обумовлює його ефективність.

Висновки. Обчислення інтегральних гематологічних індексів у хворих на МР ТБ є актуальними, корелюють з показниками ЕІ, СЗВ, функціонального стану печінки та нирок не вимагають затрат на додаткові обстеження пацієнтів, дозволяють оцінити стан хворого, важкість процесу, наявність інтоксикаційного синдрому, його ступінь, стратегію подальшої корекції лікування.

Objective. To study the significance of biochemical and integral hematological indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens (CT) for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients with various prognostically unfavorable determinants of treatment.
Materials and methods. In 58 patients with new cases and relapses of MR TB, indicators of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), endogenous intoxication (EI), markers of functional disorders of the liver and kidneys, blood hemogram before and after the use of CT were studied: 28 people received treatment regimens with bedaquiline, 30 - individualized treatment regimens (IRT) without bedaquiline. The obtained digital results are processed by the methods of variational statistics
Results. It was established that the values of the hematological indices of intoxication and the index of inflammation activity are correlated with SIR indicators, markers of protein synthesizing processes in the liver. It was found that the accumulation of endotoxins leads to an imbalance of biochemical homeostasis and a violation of the functions of enzymatic systems of cell membranes, which affects the effectiveness of CT. Determining the indicators of the tested complex makes it possible to improve the individual approach to the management of a case of MR TB of the lungs not only in the intensive phase of treatment at the inpatient stage, but also at the outpatient stage of additional treatment. When using bedaquiline, an increase in the frequency of cessation of bacterial excretion (90.2% vs. 82.1%) and positive radiological dynamics (72.2% vs. 64.2% in the reference group) was noted, which determines its effectiveness.
Conclusions. Calculation of integral hematological indices in patients with MR TB are relevant, they correlate with indicators of EI, SIR, functional state of the liver and kidneys and do not require costs for additional examinations of patients, allow to assess the patient's condition, the severity of the process, the presence of intoxication syndrome, its degree, the strategy of further correction of treatment.