Aim: To determine the prevalence and to estimate factors associated with food hypersensitivity in young children of the Lviv region in Ukraine.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in the Lviv region of Ukraine. A specially designed questionnaire about food hypersensitivity of young children developed and validated by M. J. Flokstra-de Blok was used after translation into the Ukrainian language. The questionnaire included 34 questions, grouped into general and detailed information. Parents of children aged 0–3 years were asked to complete the questionnaire at pre-schools and medical institutions.

Results: Among 4,500 distributed questionnaires, 3,214 (71%) were completed and processed. Parents reported that 25% of their young children had food hypersensitivity. According to the survey the most common agents involved in food hypersensitivity in young children were cow's milk (34%), egg (28%), and wheat (24%). Hypersensitivity to milk occurred in 50% of children in the age group of 1–2 years. Regional differences associated with food hypersensitivity were also found. Namely, in the Carpathians, there was more hypersensitivity to fish (27%) and honey (22%) than in other regions, while hypersensitivity to soy was detected mostly in Lviv City residents (8.5%). Unknown causes of food hypersensitivity were highly reported (34%) in the Carpathians.

Conclusion: Prevalence and some distinctiveness of food hypersensitivity revealed in four geographic and climate zones as well as in Lviv City have a considerable practical use for formulation of recommendations for children with food hypersensitivity.

 У зв’язку зі зростанням інфікованості герпетичною інфекцією особливо серед молодого населення проблема діагностики інфекційного мононуклеозу залишається актуальною та потребує детального вивчення. В статті представлені результати клінічного огляду та лабораторних результатів крові, бактеріологічного дослідження матеріалу з поверхні мигдаликів ротової порожнини, та оцінка активності лактатдегідрогенази в слині дітей з інфекційним мононуклеозом зумовленим як ізольованою Епштейна-Барр вірусною інфекцією так і мікст інфекцією (одночасно виділено Епштейна-Барр вірус і цитомегаловірус).
Отримані результати показали, що переважаюча частина хворіючих є хлопчики віком 5 років. В більшості обстежуваних спостерігалася гепато-спленомегалія, лімфаденіт, гугнявість та хропіння, гіпертермія, тонзиліт. За результатами бактеріологічного дослідження слизової оболонки мигдаликів виявлено Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, та грибки роду Candida у 43,8%
дітей групи з ізольованою формою мононуклеозу та у 51,7% дітей групи з мікст інфекцією. Важчий перебіг захворювання та найвища активність ЛДГ спостерігається у дітей із мононуклеозом зумовленим мікст інфекцією. При наявності супутньої патогенної мікрофлори на слизовій мигдаликів активність лактатдегідрогенази у слині пацієнтів з інфекційним мононуклеозом зростає, що свідчить про наявність деструктивних процесів в тканинах мигдаликів. 

УДК: 614.25

Aim. The research aims at improving the quality of rendering medical care in the urology departments of health care facilities by conducting the clinical audit with advanced study of causes of dissatisfaction of patients with the medical service provided.

Material and Methods. Sociological research included the questioning of 405 patients who were treated in the urology departments of the municipal nonprofit enterprise of the Lviv Regional Council "Clinical Emergency Hospital". The respondents estimated the quality of providing health care in the sphere of medical service, informational content, financing, the quality of diagnosis and treatment. Methods of structural-logical analysis, systemic approach and analysis, calculation of mean and relative values, calculation of satisfaction index with services provided are used in this work.

Results and Discussion. The determination of the level of respondents' satisfaction with inpatient treatment showed that, in total, that the number of dissatisfied among the interviewed were 7.16±1.28 % persons. The focus-group of such persons was singled out: patients of active working age, financially - able, mainly with higher education, most often with diagnosis of urolithiasis, who suffered from pain syndrome, with late appealing for medical care (more than 24 hours), they were operated on and waited for the quick results of treatment, even despite the positive final result of treatment. These patients demanded more attention of a doctor, were dissatisfied with the work of paramedical personnel, conflicted with ward neighbors, had claims to availability and quality of medical equipment, sanitary state of premises of the department.

Conclusions. The results of the clinical audit targeting the satisfaction of patients with medical services provided as one of the forms of receiving the patient feedback concerning the quality of medical aid, point out, on one hand, the appropriate level of availability of services, interpersonal attitudes, infrastructure, execution of technical demands as to quality and standard compliance by the staff of department. While, on the other hand, the audit results indicate the presence of dissatisfied with some certain services in the department. The focus-groups of dissatisfied make it possible to take into account the personal approaches in rendering medical aid to such categories of population, that in total will improve and increase the quality of providing medical services. Basing on the results of clinical audit, the recommendations as to the perfection of medical care management in the urology departments of health care facilities.

УДК: 614.2: 519.2

The research aims at improving the quality assessment of clinical audit results in Ukraine using the complex of statistical methods and studying statistical methods in foreign reports of the clinical audit and personal experience.

Materials and Methods. The research was performed by analyzing the reports of clinical audit (n=62), held during 2021 by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership. The spectrum of statistical methods was extended by the analysis of the example of a sociological survey of patients (n=405) regarding the quality assessment of medical care. The methods applied in the current study included systemic approach and analysis, structural and logical analysis, correlation and regressive analysis, calculation of relative values.

Results and Discussion. All 100% clinical audit reports, carried out by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership were based on the results of the statistical calculations. The most common method of processing results is the epidemiological statistics (93.5%), ratio of chances/risks (30.6%), probability assessment by Х² Pearson's method (21.0%). It is noteworthy that for pointing the central tendency almost in half of the cases (46.8 %) the median and the Interquartile Range were used. Complex mathematical methods such as the survival assessment by Kaplan- Meier and method multiple regression were used in 6.5 % та 4.8 % reports, accordingly.

Conclusions. Based on our own experience, we suggested implementation of standardization methods, a detailed correlation and regressive analysis, neuro networks and power analysis into the methodology (technique) of the clinical audit. Implementation of spectrum of evidentially substantiated methods of statistical analysis will allow to increase the evidence level and to deepen the statistical analysis of databases when conducting the clinical audit, аnd therefore, the quality assessment of clinical audit results will increase.