Due to the Russian invasion, which started on 24 February 2022, the Ukrainian healthcare system is facing multiple challenges. A great number of healthcare facilities have been destroyed, while availability of other ones is often limited due to a lack of qualified medical staff. Certain services, e.g. cancer therapies, have been seriously disrupted. Moreover, millions of Ukrainians with chronic conditions are also suffering as due to war-related problems with execution of their long-term therapies. Availability of drugs is particularly limited in the occupied regions. According to the national statistics, as of 18 August 2022, about 505 pharmacies were damaged in Eastern Ukraine and 47 completely ruined. Moreover, the invaders have been blocking humanitarian aid provided to these territories by the Ukrainian government or other countries. Fortunately, in the areas controlled by the Government of Ukraine, the acute shortage of medicines, observed at the beginning of the war, has already been eliminated. Nevertheless, not all drugs are now fully available, even in the areas where no military attacks occur. The economic availability of drugs is also profoundly influenced by the significant increase in the cost of medications and the fall in average salaries. The Government of Ukraine is trying to minimise the impact of these war-related challenges by adopting a new legislation. This includes, among others, simplification of procedures for licensing, quality control and import of medicinal products to Ukraine. Other measures involve securing displaced people with the option of benefiting from local healthcare facilities, broadening the scope of the ePrescription system, authorizing primary care doctors to issue prescriptions to refugees, increasing the number of drugs reimbursed for long-term therapies, etc. These solutions, however, cannot balance all the harmful consequences the war in Ukraine brings in terms of maintenance of long-term therapies. Therefore, in order to minimise this negative impact, Ukraine still needs urgent international support in this area.

This review aims to analyze Mentha piperita L. as a potential raw material for the development of new health promoting products (nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products). A lot of scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases which enable the study and generalization of the extraction procedures, key biologically active compounds of essential oil and extracts, biological properties, and therapeutic potential of M. piperita, along with perspectives on the development of its dosage forms, including combinations of synthetic active substances and herbal preparations of M. piperita. The results of this review indicate that M. piperita is a source rich in phytoconstituents of different chemical nature and can be regarded as a source of active substances to enhance health and to develop medicinal products for complementary therapy of various conditions, especially those related with oxidant stress, inflammation, and moderate infections. Essential oil has a broad spectrum of activities. Depending on the test and concentration, this essential oil has both anti- and prooxidant properties. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to the essential oil of M. piperita than Gram-negative ones. This review also considered some facets of the standardization of essential oil and extracts of M. piperita. Among the identified phenolics of extracts were caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, eriocitrin, luteolin derivates (luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoronide), and hesperidin. The concentration of these phenolics depends on the solvent used. This review also considered the relationships between the chemical component and biological activity. The results showed that the essential oil and extracts reduced inflammation in vitro by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and in vivo by reducing the paw edema induced using carrageenan injection in rats. Therefore, herbal preparations of M. piperita are promising medicinal and cosmetic preparations for their usage in skincare and oral cavity care products with antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and wound-healing properties. This plant can also be regarded as a platform for the development of antibacterial preparations and combined anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective medicinal products (synthetic active substances plus herbal preparations). This review could be considered for the justification of the composition of some medicinal products during their pharmaceutical development for writing a registration dossier in the format of Common Technical Document.

Засіб у формі гелевої композиції для лікування запальних та дистрофічно-запальних захворювань тканин пародонта, який містить як активний компонент бензидаміну гідрохлорид, який відрізняється тим, що містить бензидаміну гідрохлорид у формі розтертої до порошкоподібного стану таблетки Т-септ та додатково містить як активний компонент протефлазід у складі гелевої основи, що містить альгінат натрію, ніпагін та воду для ін'єкцій, при наступному співвідношенні компонентів, мас. %: альгінат натрію 5,0 ніпагін 0,15 бензидаміну гідрохлорид, що відповідає вмісту 1 розтертої до порошкоподібного стану таблетки Т-септу 0,03 протефлазід 15,0 вода для ін'єкцій 79,82.

Abstract.

Ensuring the monitoring of the quality of educational services and the educational process in higher education institutions (HEIs), that offer Educational Programs to train specialists in medical and pharmaceutical branches is one of the health care obligations that Ukraine as a state undertakes. Traditionally, specialists for pharmaceutical manufacturing were trained mostly at the HEIs, which were subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES), and those for pharmacies and hospital pharmacies were trained at the HEIs, subordinated to the
Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MOH).
In 2016, a single specialty 226 "Pharmacy" was introduced, and in 2017 the title name of the specialty was specified as 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy". The draft of Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) "On the Amendments to the List of a branch of knowledge and specialties for higher education" provides dividing of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy" into two separate specialties: 226 "Pharmacy", which remains in the branch of knowledge 22 "Health Care", and 188 "Industrial Pharmacy", which potentially will be transferred to the branch of knowledge 18 "Manufacturing and Technology". The dividing of specialty into two separate ones is pertinent; however, the problem of transfer significantly affects the training of highly qualified human resources. That is why it is important to take out this problem from a limited circle of specialists in the pharmaceutical branch to the general public.
The research aimed to study and summarize the legislation on the current state of specialists training for the pharmaceutical branch by the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy", as well as the search for possible ways to solve the educational problem. The following methods were applied: meta-analysis, desk research, comparative analysis and modeling.
It is established the necessity to save the specialty "Industrial Pharmacy" in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Care", as its removal levels the results of specialists training and makes it impossible for the functioning pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine. As a result of this process, obstacles will be created for the research realization, development, and implementation of new medicines and generic drugs. It is extremely important to save the specialty "Industrial Pharmacy" in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Care". This is the only possible way to guarantee the quality of the drugs according to the Complex of Good Pharmaceutical Practices (GMP, GLP, GCP, GDP, GPP, GSP, GEP, GPEP) at all stages of its promotion from manufacturer to the patient, that will facilitate scientific research and development of new safe, effective, high-quality medicines, and also will allow providing training of highly skilled specialists for pharmaceutical branch.