The researchers of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology have demonstrated that effect of balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ Spa on the physical working capacity of both healthy rats and different categories of patients is ambiguous. It is shown that various variants of actotropic effects are accompanied by characteristic changes in a number of body parameters. The purpose of this study was to identify neuro- endocrine, hemodynamic and metabolic accompaniments of actotropic effects of balneotherapy in men with maladaptation. Material and methods. The object of observation were 34 men (aged 23÷70 years) with maladaptation against the background of chronic pyelonephtis in remission phase, who came for rehabilitation at the Truskavets' Spa. The object of study: PWC, hemodynamics, HRV, EEG, adaptation hormones, blood and urine metabolites. The survey was conducted twice: on admission and after 7-10 dais of rehabilitation. Results. The analysis of individual changes revealed that balneotherapy in 18 patients did not significantly affect the level of fitness. In 9 patients balneotherapy caused an increase in PWC150 (direct difference: 0.57±0.12 W/kg) while in the other 9 patients the level of fitness decreased (direct difference: -0.42±0.03 W/kg). Discriminant analysis revealed 24 variables as characteristic accompaniment of the three variants of actotropic effects of balneotherapy. Among them, 2 are hemodynamic, 13 are neural, which reflect the entropy of EEG and HRV as well as delta-, theta- and beta-rhythms, 2 are endocrine, and 7 are metabolic. Classification accuracy is 100%. Conclusion. The multivariate actotropic effects of balneofactors are due to their multivariate effects on neuro- endocrine regulation and metabolism, which, apparently, is determined by the peculiarities of the individual reactivity of the body.
Ergometric physical working capacity (PWC) testing has a long tradition in occupational medicine for assessing whether a sufficiently high level of physical performance for coping with the daily work requirements is given. Physical performance and stress resistance of the body are considered one of the main objects of influence of adaptogens. The stress-limiting effect of bioactive Naftussya water known. Data on the influence of Naftussya on the muscular performance are ambiguous. We set ourselves the goal of comparing balneotherapy-induced individual changes in PWC with changes in some parameters of the nervous and immune systems, as well as erythron, hemostasis, and metabolism. Material and methods. The object of observation were 19 men and 3 women (age 26÷61 years, body weight 78÷100 kg) with urate urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis. The survey was conducted twice: on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa. Registered PWC150, parameters of HRV, EEG, immunity, phagocytosis, erythron, hemostasis and metabolism. Results. The analysis of individual changes revealed that in 45,5% patients reduced fitness was completely normalized, however, in 54,5% patients, the normal level of fitness fell to the lower zone of the norm. Discriminant analysis revealed 5 EEG parameters, VLF band HRV as well as plasma alanine aminotransferase and bactericidal capacity of monocytes of blood, the changes of which are characteristic (classification accuracy 100%) for alternative variants of actotropic effects of balneotherapy. Conclusion. The alternative response of fitness to balneofactors occurs within the framework of the functional-metabolic continuum and the neuro-immune complex. A decrease in fitness to the lower normal zone is accompanied by the normalization of the reduced bactericidal capacity of blood monocytes, so we interpret this decrease as a “physiological payment” for it.
Aim: To investigate changes in oxidative stress indicators in rats under conditions of long-term ethanol exposure.
Materials and Methods: We studied the effect of prolonged exposure to ethanol on the activity of free radical processes in the gonads of rats of both sexes. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups: Group I (control group) rats, which were injected with distilled water orally for 28 days; II group – which for 28 days were injected intragastrically with a 30% ethanol solution at the rate of 2ml/100g of body weight once a day.
Results: The conducted experimental studies showed that the level of free radicals increases in animals that were injected with ethanol for 28 days, as indicated by an increase in the ROS index by 1.6 times in males and 1.7 times in females. Lipid peroxidation processes are also activated, as evidenced by an increase in the level of initial products of the lipoperoxidation chain – HPL by 54.6%, intermediate products – TBP by 57.9% and final products – SHO – by 80.3% in males and by 68.2%, respectively , 80.9% and 84.6% in females. Along with this, the activity of oxidative modification of proteins in the organs of the reproductive system of the experimental group of animals also increased. In particular, the level of OMР370 in the testes of male rats increased by 89.1%, and OMР430 increased by 56.4% from the level of animals that were not given ethanol. In the ovaries of female rats, the level of OMР370 increased by 112.%, and OMР430 increased by 60.7% from the level of animals without simulating ethanol intoxication. Therefore, we were able to establish significant changes and disturbances in the processes of free radical oxidation in the organs of the reproductive system of animals under the toxic effect of ethanol, which can negatively affect the reproductive function and quality of offspring in animals that were simulated ethanol intoxication.
Conclusions: In animals of both sexes, under the conditions of chronic ethanol exposure, there is an increase in free radical oxidation indicators, namely ROS, lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and the growth indicators in females are more significant than in males. This indicates a negative effect of chronic ethanol intoxication on the state of the membrane structures of germ cells, with DNA damage, which can lead to a violation of the function of the genital organs.
UDC 612.822:616.831-092.18
This review presents an analysis and synthesis of the world literature, forming an up-to-date vision of the func- tional system of utilisation of end metabolites from the central nervous system, discussing impaired brain clearance in some neurodegenerative nosologies, as well as in strokes and traumatic brain injury. The central nervous system, lacking a classically conventional lymphatic system, requires alternative systems to clear the brain of potentially toxic cellular metabolic products. Over the past decade, world scientific sources have highlighted a new system of views, or the concept of the so-called glymphatic system, which makes it possible to drain the brain from extracel- lular harmful substances dissolved in the interstitium. Water channels such as aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are an important system component associated with neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's. The clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau (tau) proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease, for example, is reduced due to the impaired function of the glym- phatic system in the absence of AQP. The detected changes in AQP4 expression associated with certain pathologies make it possible to predict that this water channel could be a potentially interesting pharmacological target. Recent studies in this context have also shown that biomarkers of traumatic brain injury are eliminated from the brain through the glymphatic system. The degree of suppression of glymphatic function under these conditions may affect the likely prognosis after traumatic brain injury. The obtained results predict the clinical value of pharmacological manipulations of the glymphatic system after acute traumatic brain injury. It has also been shown that with ageing, the processes of glymphatic drainage in the CNS decrease, which can contribute to the accumulation of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated proteins and thus make the brain susceptible to the development of neurodegenerative pathology. According to the experimental evidence presented in modern scientific sources, the concept of "acute or chronic glymphatic insufficiency" should be distinguished, and the issue of finding criteria for their correct as- sessment should be updated. It is known that the number of vasteosomes or starchy bodies can be considered a marker of chronic glymphatic insufficiency. According to the researchers, this knowledge will facilitate the study of glymphatic insufficiency and allow us to understand which moderating variables will critically impact the function- ing or failure of this system. Moreover, the fact that they are markers of chronic glymphatic insufficiency gives them promising clinical significance.
Global demand for crude oil has grown signi- ficantly over the past two decades. However, conventional light crude oil production is declining, and more and more deposits of heavy and waxy oil, including high waxy ones, are being developed, creating new technological challenges at every level of the process, from production to trans- portation and refining. Among the various problems, the main one is wax deposition. Since the costs of maintenance, repair, and achieving the required low-temperature properties of commercial oil products are very high, solving this problem becomes critical. The paper discusses the existing problems of production, transportation, and refining of waxy crude oil and analyzes the methods of their solution.