Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in young men, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for effective management and prognosis. Traditionally, the diagnostic approach relies on scrotal ultrasound and serum tumor markers, which, while effective, have limitations in characterizing complex lesions and detecting small, non- palpable tumors or metastatic disease. Recent advancements in imaging technology have introduced multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) as a promising tool in the diagnostic armamentarium for testicular cancer. MpMRI combines multiple imaging sequences, including T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), providing detailed anatomical and functional information about testicular lesions. This systematic review consolidates and evaluates current evidence regarding the role of mpMRI in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of testicular cancer. 
Key findings from the literature suggest that mpMRI offers superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging techniques, particularly in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. It is also highly effective in the precise localization and staging of tumors, including the detection of small lymph node metastases, which are often missed by ultrasound or CT. This review highlights the potential of mpMRI to enhance diagnostic precision and influence treatment strategies in testicular cancer, while also identifying areas for further research, such as the optimization of imaging protocols and the assessment of mpMRI's impact on long-term clinical outcomes. The review underscores the importance of mpMRI as a non-invasive, highly informative imaging modality that could lead to more personalized and effective management of testicular cancer. 

Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of prostate cancer, but patient responses vary significantly. 
This systematic review evaluates the role and application of genomic and transcriptomic markers in assessing ADT efficacy and resistance. 
We analyzed 40 studies focusing on key markers such as AR-V7, TMPRSS2-ERG, RNA expression profiles, and the 23-gene signature. 
Our findings highlight the potential of these markers to personalize ADT, improve patient stratification, and guide treatment decisions. 
Despite promising results, challenges remain in standardization, cost, and clinical integration. 
Corresponding author. Mytsyk Yulian, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland, mytsyk.yulian@gmail.com 

UDC 577.151.042:616.72-002.772:616.72-007.274

Summary
Introduction. Identification of microorganisms that colonize combat wounds and cause wound infection is of primary importance for the subsequent successful treatment of the patient. The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs makes the efforts of modern medicine in the fight against infectious agents ineffective. The problem of infertility is closely related to combat injuries, their infection, stress, and neurotic disorders.
Aim. Obtaining and summarizing data on microbial colonization of mine-blast wounds of pelvic organs and the microbiome of the genitourinary system of combatants.
Materials and methods. 84 smears were taken from 56 wounds of 36 patients with injuries of the pelvic organs who were being treated. 73 patients with injuries were examined for the presence of mycoflora in the urogenital tract. Isolation of pure bacterial cultures was carried out by inoculating the studied material using meat-peptone agar, blood agar, chromogenic agars. For the diagnosis of urogenital or other infections by the PCR method, a scraping from the back wall of the urethra was taken from the patients.
Results. Predominant microorganisms in positive cultures of smears were non-fermenting gram- negative rods, which in 28 % of cultures belonged to the genus Acinetobacter, in 26 % to the genus Pseudomonas. As for associated infections, 20 % of them consisted of the genus Acinetobacter, 32 % – Enterobacter, 4 % – Klebsiella and 29 % – Pseudomonas. Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 37 % of positive smear cultures. The frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus in monoinfection was 2.5 %, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2 %, Bacillus – 3 %, Enterococcus – 4 % and Actynomycceas – 4 %. In associated infections, the frequency of isolation of the genus Streptococcus was 4 %, followed by the genus Clostridium – 2 %, Bacillus – 4 %, Enterococcus – 3 % and Actynomycceas – 5 %. When analyzing the microflora of the genitourinary system, it was found that the priority role belongs to the combined infection, when there are associations of specific pathogens such as Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamidia spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, which is 80 % of the entire microbiome.
Conclusions. Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the dominant microflora complicating the course of combat wounds during almost two years of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine. Probably, the duration of hostilities, the large number of wounded, and the forced mass unsystematic use of various antibiotics lead to rapid changes in the spectrum of pathogens of combat wounds. Combat wounds and their infection, stress, and nervous disorders lead to an imbalance of microflora, in particular microflora of the genitourinary system, which can be one of the causes of infertility. Chlamydia and Ureaplasma are the most common microorganisms that colonize the urogenital tract of men injured as a result of hostilities.
Keywords: sombat wound, microbial flora, genitourinary system, infertility

УДК 615.12:615.451.1.014.2:615.28:355:616.988:575.834]-036.21(477) 

Заліська О.М., Заболотня З.О., Семенов О.М., Максимович Н.М.,Калинюк Т.Г.,  Барчук О.З. Аналіз тенденцій та необхідності екстемпорального виготовлення лікарських форм в аптеках під час воєнного стану й пандемії COVID-19 в Україні. Фармацевтичний журнал. 2023;4:14-26. 

The shrinkage of water resources, as well as the deterioration of its quality as a result of industrial human activities, requires a comprehensive approach relative to its protection. Advanced oxidation processes show high potential for the degradation of organic pollutants in water
and wastewater. TiO2 is the most popular photocatalyst because of its oxidizing ability, chemical stability and low cost. The major drawback of using it in powdered form is the difficulty of separation from the reaction mixture. The solution to this problem may be immobilization on a support (glass beads, molecular sieves, etc.). In order to avoid these difficulties, the authors propose to prepare a catalyst as a titanium plate covered with an oxide layer obtained with laser treatment. (2) Methods: In the present work, we generated titanium oxide structures using a cheap and fast method based on femtosecond laser pulses. The structurized plates were tested in the reaction of methylene blue (MB) degradation under UVA irradiation (365 nm). The photocatalytic activity and kinetic properties for the degradation of MB are provided. (3) Results: Studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm a titanium oxide layer with laser-induced generated structures
that are called “spikes” and “herringbones”. The structurized plates were effective photocatalysts, and their activity depends on the structure of the oxide layer (spike and herringbone). (4) Conclusions: The immobilization of the catalyst on a solid support can be performed in a fast and reproducible manner by using the technique of laser ablation. The layers obtained with this method have been shown to have catalytic properties.
Keywords: femtosecond laser processing self-organized microstructures; herringbone structure; engineered materials; photocatalysis; waste water treatment