The demand for dependable near-infrared (NIR) probes, capable of sustained fluorescence within living systems and facile conjugation with biomolecules like antibodies and proteins, has been significantly on the rise, attributed to the substantial rise in the use of NIR imaging techniques and devices, with extensive integration into clinical diagnostics. Antibody conjugates are vital for targeted and selective bioimaging, enabling precise visualization of specific biomolecules within complex biological systems. Their multiplexing capability allows simultaneous detection of multiple targets, while their dynamic imaging capability enables real-time monitoring of cellular processes. Clinically, antibody conjugates have significant applications in disease prognosis, diagnosis, and monitoring. In this work, we report the synthesis of a new symmetrical NIR squaraine dye (SQ-58) with multiple carboxy anchoring groups for ease of coupling with antibodies. The dye showed decreased absorption and fluorescence intensity in phosphate buffer (PB) due to enhanced dye-aggregate formation. However, in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PB, SQ-58 showed an enhanced fluorescence signal along concentrations of BSA. SQ-58 showed no cytotoxicity when tested in white laboratory mice while providing strong fluorescence when injected in vivo. Conjugation of SQ-58 through the carboxylic groups to the isotypic mouse IgG antibodies (IgG-SQ-58) resulted in uniform distribution of the targeted molecule in the whole cardiovascular system. The NIR signal of IgG-SQ-58 was stable for at least 7 days allowing the possibility of long-term imaging. Conjugation of SQ-58 to antibodies raised against NK-Ly lymphoma tumor cells allowed efficient discrimination of tumor cells grown in the abdomen of laboratory mice. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a biocompatible NIR dye, SQ-58, that can be easily conjugatable to biomolecules, and its antibody conjugates for a wide range of bioimaging applications.

Abstract:

Purpose. Analysis of the theoretical-methodical and practical principles of ensuring the socio-ethical values of the functioning of Ukrainian companies and the development of potential scenarios for the development of events in the conditions of the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Methodology. The research methodology includes the following methods:

- dialectical and hermeneutic method – to identify changes and connections in the socially oriented approach of companies and their consequences;- scenario modeling – to determine the consequences of decisions made by company management regarding changes in social and ethical values in the short- and long-term;

- system analysis – to analyze the interrelationships of changes in the socio-ethical values of business and their consequences for the company’s management and other interested parties;

- PESTLE analysis – to stratify international documents in the field of CSR and socio-ethical and other factors affecting the functioning of companies;

- grouping – to classify companies according to the observance of social and ethical principles of work within the framework of CSR.

Findings. It is noted that in terms of sustainable development, company management should pay attention to the issues of CSR, including social and ethical values. In the international legal field, documents have been developed under the auspices of the UN regarding CSR, some of which have been ratified in Ukraine. This group of documents is optional for use by company management, but affects access to international capital markets, rating and reporting transparency. Companies in the energy sector and metal rolling implement the principles, standards and norms of social and ethical business into their practice, ensuring a positive reputation and image, supporting social infrastructure and welfare of employees and the general population, etc.

Originality. The conducted analysis made it possible for the first time to stratify international documents on CSR and factors related to social and ethical values of companies using PESTLE analysis. Potential scenarios for the development of companies in the short- and long-term are developed and described in terms of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business.

Practical value. The given stratification of international documents for socio-ethical business conduct can be useful for the scientific community and in educational institutions. The developed scenarios of the functioning of companies in the conditions of the implementation of social and ethical incentives within the framework of CSR business will be useful to company managers, specialists and scientists investigating CSR issues.

According to world publications, mutations in the SERPINA1 gene may be a genetic risk factor for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and, consequently, rapid progression of respiratory dysfunction. This disease leads to a decrease in the level of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein. It is inherited by autosomal recessive type, but there are registered cases of codominance. In the absence of treatment, diseases of the respiratory system become chronic and lead to disability in adulthood. Early diagnosis of AAT deficiency is important to prevent complications and reduce mortality among people with this pathology. Due to these factors, genetic testing of SERPINA1 gene mutations in children with chronic lung diseases is appropriate to detect and prevent severe complications, associated with AATD. The aim of this work is to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis of AAT deficiency in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis by identifying different genotypes and phenotypes of A1AT deficiency, studying their relationship with the clinical course of respiratory diseases in children.
Keywords SERPINA1 gene, Alpha1-antitrypsin, bronchial asthma, codominance, heterozygous, liver, lungs, genotype,
phenotype, recessive.

Introduction. Infectious diseases have been a threat during all periods of human existence. Primary measures to protect against extremely dangerous pathogens included quarantine, observation and vaccination. Vaccination was crucial in the fight against smallpox — the only disease, which was eradicated on a global scale. The aim of the work was to identify the main stages of development and application of vaccines for the protection against especially dangerous infection (EDI) and the contribution of Ukrainian scientists in the development of vaccines for EDI. Methods. An analysis using the Search Strategy of narrative reviews of literary sources and Internet resource was conducted to systematize data about the application of immunobiological preparations to create an active immunity against several actual EDI. The participation of scientists with Ukrainian roots in the creation of vaccines against this group of diseases is indicated. Results. Smallpox (variolation in China in the 11th century) is known as the first disease against which specifc protection was created. Until the 20s century, the first five vaccines against EDI were developed: smallpox, rabies, anthrax, cholera, and plague. In the 20s century, the list was supplemented by vaccines against typhus, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis,тtularemia, brucellosis, coxiellosis (Q-fever), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The introduction of new technologies in the 21st century allowed improving existing preparations and creating new ones against Ebola viral disease (EVD), COVID-19 as EDIs relevant ones for the pandemic potential. Outstanding scientists with Ukrainian roots contributed to the creation of vaccines against EDI: V. Khavkin, D. Samoilovich, V. Zhdanov. Conclusion. Protection of the population against EDIs is limited by the number of available effective vaccines. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 has improved the prognosis for containment of the COVID-19 pandemic.