Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Buteyko breathing in the comprehensive treatment of bronchial asthma in school-age children.
Materials and Methods: The study included 48 children with bronchial asthma aged 12 to 18 years. The main group included children who received drug therapy for bronchial asthma in combination with Buteyko breathing (n=24). The comparison group consisted of children who received only drug therapy for bronchial asthma (n=24). The patients were followed up for one year during five scheduled visits at 3-month intervals.
At all visits, the dynamics of clinical symptoms and the results of the asthma control test were assessed. At the first and last visits, respiratory function andquality of life were evaluated.
Results: The study demonstrated improvement in quality of life and disease control in patients with bronchial asthma who, in addition to medication, used Buteyko breathing.
Conclusions: In patients with bronchial asthma who used Buteyko breathing along with medical treatment, asthma control improved after 3 months of treatment (p=0.01) and continued to increase during the year of observation more than in the comparison group (p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in the mean quality of life score in the main group after one year of treatment, in contrast to the comparison group (p<0.001). Assessment of respiratory function showed a significant increase in FEV1 in both groups after one year of treatment, without a statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

УДК: 616-056.3-001.36:613.26/.29]-07-083.9-053.2

Abstract. This article presents the current paradigm for the diagnosis and active management of patients with food allergies and anaphylaxis in pediatric practice. It analyzes the evolution of the WAO and EAACI 2025 clinical criteria, the specific “masks” of anaphylaxis in young children, and the elimination of strict time frames for symptom manifestation. A step-by-step algorithm for emergency care in accordance with the latest ERC 2025 recommendations (Pediatric Life Support), the principles of risk stratification for biphasic reactions, and the prospects for the use of nasal epinephrine are provided. The aim of this study is to analyze two clinical cases of patients with anaphylaxis and to find opportunities for developing food tolerance, taking into account current algorithms. Research materials and methods. Analysis of the patients` medical records and the results of clinical and laboratory tests. Research Results. A 4-year-old girl had two episodes of anaphylaxis (at the ages of 11 months and 1 year and 3 months of age) following the consumption of a lysozyme-containing lozenge and an egg, respectively. After a prolonged adhehernce to the elimination diet and oral provocation tests, treatment using the egg ladder method was initiated. The dynamics showed a decrease in the levels of specific antibodies to egg components: ovomucoid (Gal d 1) from 3.53 to 0.2 kU/L, ovalbumin (Gal d 2) from 9.47 to 1.59 kU/L, and
lysozyme (Gal d 4) from 9.9 to 1.81 kU/L. The child successfully began to tolerate eggs that had been thoroughly cooked. A 2-year-and-3-month-old boy suffered two episodes of anaphylaxis (at the ages of 8 months and 1 year and 3 months) following the consumption of dairy products. The results of molecular diagnostics revealed high levels of specific IgE to the major protein components of cow’s milk: α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4) — 37.45 kUA/L, β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) — 28.25 kUA/L, and casein (Bos d 6) — 32.45 kUA/L. Taking into account the patient’s medical history, clinical presentation, and laboratory test results, it was recommended to completely eliminate milk and all dairy products for at least six months. Conclusions. 1. Treating a patient with a history of food anaphylaxis allows for the identification of a “window of opportunity” to consider the reintroduction of the product, but this must be supported by an accurate diagnosis, supervision of an experienced team in a hospital setting, and only after an elimination period lasting at least 6 months. 2. Patients at high risk for anaphylaxis should
be provided with a first-line medication — epinephrine — and given clear instructions on actions to take.

У статті висвітлено сучасну парадигму діагностики та активного ведення пацієнтів із харчовою алергією й
анафілаксією у педіатричній практиці. Проаналізовано еволюцію клінічних критеріїв WAO та EAACI 2025 року, специфіку «масок» анафілаксії у дітей раннього віку та скасування жорстких часових рамок маніфестації. Наведено покроковий алгоритм невідкладної допомоги відповідно до найновіших рекомендацій ERC 2025 (Paediatric Life Support), принципи стратифікації ризику біфазних реакцій та перспективи використання назального адреналіну.
Мета дослідження проаналізувати два клінічні випадки пацієнтів з анафілаксією та пошук можливостей формування харчової толерантності, враховуючи сучасні алгоритми.
Матеріали та методи дослідження. Аналіз даних історій хвороби пацієнтів, результатів клінічних та лабораторних досліджень.
Результати дослідження. У дівчинки віком 4 роки було два випадки анафілаксії (11 місяців, 1 рік 3 місяці) після вживання льодяника з лізоцимом та після вживання яйця. Після тривалої елімінаційної дієти і проведених орально-провокаційних проб було розпочато лікування методом яєчної драбини. В динаміці состерігалося зменшення рівня специфічних антитіл до компонентів яйця: овомукоїд (Gal d 1) із 3,53 до 0,2 kU/L, овальбумін (Gal d 2) із 9,47 до 1,59 kU/L, лізоцим (Gal d 4) із 9,9 до 1,81 kU/L. Дитина успішно почала толерувати яйце з добрим рівнем термічної обробки. У хлопчика віком 2 роки 3 місяці зафіксовано два випадки анафілаксії (8 місяців, 1 рік 3 місяці) після вживання молочних продуктів. Результати проведеної
молекулярної діагностики дозволили виявити високі рівні специфічних IgE до основних білкових компонентів коров’ячого молока: α-лактальбуміну (Bos d 4) — 37,45 kUA/L, β-лактоглобуліну (Bos d 5) – 28,25 kUA/L та казеїну (Bos d 6) — 32,45 kUA/L. З урахуванням анамнестичних даних, клінічної картини та результатів лабораторного дослідження рекомендовано повністю виключити молоко та всі продукти щонайменше на шість місяців.
Висновки. 1. Лікування пацієнта з харчовою анафілаксією в анамнезі, дозволяє шукати «вікно можливостей» для перегляду питання повторного введення продукту, але все це повинно бути підкріплене точною діагностикою, супроводом досвідченої команди в умовах стаціонару та виключно після періоду елімінації, яка має тривати щонайменше 6 місяців.

2. Пацієнти з високим ризиком анафілаксії мають бути забезпечені препаратом першої лінії – адреналіном і мати чіткі інструкції щодо дій.

This study explored IgG N-glycosylation pattern differences in maternal and infant serum in the context of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Serum samples from 15 mother– infant pairs were collected at 12 weeks postpartum and categorized according to maternal body mass index (BMI) and GDM status. The N-glycosylation patterns of the isolated IgG pools were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence
detection (CE-LIF). Descriptive comparison of the relative area percentage of IgG N-glycan structures revealed differences between the groups. Comparison of the maternal and infant sialo-form/neutral-form ratio (SF/NF) of the N-glycans suggested differences between control mothers and their children, as well as between obese mothers and their children. The maternal SF/NF ratio of IgG varied between the obese and normal-weight GDM mothers. The SF/NF ratios of IgG from the infants showed variation between infants of control mothers and infants of obese mothers, between infants of obese and infants of obese GDM mothers, and between infants of GDM with normal-weight and GDM with obese mothers. The observed differences in maternal and infant IgG N-glycosylation profiles suggest potentially selective placental transfer mechanisms.

Ukraine has experienced overlapping shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic and a full-scale war, with
potential impacts on maternal and perinatal health. We examined national-level changes in these outcomes
between 2019 and 2024.
 In this population-based ecological study, publicly available Ministry of Health data were analysed to
examine trends in deliveries, births, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Changes were assessed using
pairwise comparisons, absolute risk differences, and effect sizes. Annual estimates were compared with prepandemic, preceding-year, and wartime estimates. Deliveries and births declined by approximately 40%, predominantly during the first wartime year. Between 2019 and 2024 (298,066 and 176,842 deliveries, respectively), the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy increased from 0.88% (n = 2634) to 2.66% (n = 4707), hypertensive disorders from 3.80% (n = 11,332) to 5.45% (n = 9633), severe postpartum haemorrhage from 0.36% (n = 1070) to 0.53% (n = 941). Among 302,190 and 179,192 births, respectively, preterm births increased from 5.59% (n = 16,907) to 6.25% (n = 11,195), very low birthweights from 1.05% (n = 3184) to 1.29% (n = 2305), and extremely low birthweights from 0.44% (n = 1335) to 0.60% (n = 1068). Pregnancy-related and perinatal mortality, particularly stillbirths, were higher during the second year of the pandemic but not during wartime. Early neonatal mortality did not change throughout.  Overlapping crises were associated with fewer births and increased maternal morbidity. Although pregnancy-related and perinatal mortality increased during the pandemic, their relative stability during wartime may suggest preservation of maternal and newborn services, potentially supported by international assistance. Continued support for maternal and neonatal healthcare services remains important in crisis-affected settings.  No funding was received.

Vitiligo and alopecia areata are chronic autoimmune skin diseases in which autoimmune disorders and
psychoemotional stress play a key role in pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with systemic
immune dysfunction and a pronounced inflammatory response, which may act as a trigger for the onset
or exacerbation of autoimmune dermatoses. In routine clinical practice, an increasing number of patients
with vitiligo and alopecia areata have been observed following laboratory-confirmed COVID-19,
highlighting the relevance of this study.