ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the dynamics of histoarchitectural changes in the bone-ceramic regenerate after transplantation β-tricalcium phosphate into an experimental defect in the rabbit mandible.
Materials and Methods: Adult male rabbits aged 6-7 months and weighing 2.5-3 kg were used for the study. The control group consisted of animals with a bone defect that healed under a blood clot. The experimental group consisted of rabbits in which the bone defect was filled with β-tricalcium phosphate.
Post-traumatic monitoring was conducted over 84 days using scanning electron microscopy and morphometric analysis of three parameters of the regenerate.
Results: Studying the surface relief characteristics of the experimental bone defect in the lower jaw after implantation of the β-tricalcium phosphate material revealed numerous regenerative changes that occurred after the injury and correlated with the dynamics of changes in the relative volume of bone tissue, osteoplastic material, and connective tissue in the regenerate. Morphometric analysis of the regenerate showed a phased character of the dynamics of changes.
Conclusions: The study found that the relative volume of bone tissue in the regenerate increased over time, and at the end of the experiment, it was statistically similar to the control group.
KEY WORDS: bone regeneration, mandible/lower jaw, β-tricalcium phosphate morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Aim. Nitric oxide (NO) and the variants of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) in multiple sclerosis (MS) have become a focus of active scientific interest in recent years. The NOS3 gene is constitutively expressed in neuronal and epithelial cells. Moreover, the endothelial NO synthase enzyme (eNOS) activity, which plays a pivotal role in developing endothelial dysfunction, is regulated by variants of the NOS3 gene, including the 4a/b variant.
Objective. To evaluate the influence of the 4a/b variant of the NOS3 gene on the susceptibility to and progression of multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods. The study included 113 patients diagnosed with MS. Genotyping for the 4a/b variant of the NOS3 gene was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method.
Results. Our findings indicate that the presence of the 4bb genotype is associated with a reduced risk of developing MS, whereas the 4a allele of the NOS3 gene is linked to an increased risk. Clinical characteristic analysis revealed that patients with the 4ba and 4bb genotypes exhibited a significantly higher body mass index
(BMI) (p=0.007) than those with the 4aa genotype. Additionally, patients with the 4bb genotype were substantially more likely to experience a severe disease course (p=0.0489). Binary logistic regression analysis identified a gene-environment interaction between the NOS3 4a/b variant and BMI (p=0.037), suggesting a combined effect of these factors on MS progression.
Conclusions. The results underscore the significant and complex role of the NOS3 4a/b variant in the pathogenesis and progression of MS. Further investigation is warranted to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this genetic factor and its interplay with other contributing variables.
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, NOS3, 4a/b variant, genotype frequency, body mass
index, EDSS

This article presents the results of an original study conducted on a cohort of pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), with radiological biomarkers of the disease assessed. In addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, brain structure volumetry was performed using advanced MRI techniques. Brain MRI remains the primary imaging modality for MS. The examination includes standard MRI sequences—T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and post-contrast T1-weighted images—which are essential for diagnostic confirmation of MS in accordance with the 2017 revision of the McDonald criteria. Furthermore, MRI is the leading method for identifying MS exacerbations through post-contrast T1-weighted imaging, allowing clinicians to monitor disease progression. With the advancement of imaging technologies, more comprehensive diagnostic opportunities
have emerged, particularly in the context of MS, through the use of advanced modalities such as volumetric analysis of brain structures. The present study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in thalamic volumes and increased hippocampal volumes in children with MS compared to the control group. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the routine application of advanced MRI methods for MS diagnosis and monitoring, particularly in pediatric populations. However, we believe that such techniques have the potential not only
to improve and expedite MS diagnostics but also to contribute to the prediction of disease trajectory.
Early and timely radiological assessment may enhance MS management and significantly improve the quality of life for both pediatric and adult patients.
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, children, neuroimaging, brain volumetry.

Background and Goal of Study: Fluid resuscitation is a critical component of early management in patients with septic shock. The 2021 Sepsis Surviving Campaign (SSC) guidelines recommend administering 30 mL/kg of balanced crystalloids within the first 3 hours of diagnosis. However, this standard approach does not fully align with the principles of personalized medicine.
This study aimed to investigate whether dynamic hemodynamic assessment methods can individualize fluid therapy during the early phase of septic shock.

ABSTRACT
Aim: To determine the effect of cell therapy on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver, kidneys and lungs of rats of different ages under conditions of experimental cranio-skeletal trauma (CST).
Materials and Methods: In the experiments, 129 white male Wistar line rats of different age groups were used: immature rats aged 100-120 days and weighing 90-110 g; mature rats aged 6-8 months and weighing 180-200 g; and old rats aged 19-23 months and weighing 300-320 g. In each age group, CST was modeled under thiopental sodium anesthesia. The control rats were only injected with thiopental sodium anesthesia. For the purpose of correction, cryopreserved neuroblast cells (NBC) from Wistar line rats were injected intravenously at a dose of 0,5 ml*106 cells in groups of injured rats of different age groups. Additionally, in separate groups, rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 0,25 ml*105 cells per rat. The animals were taken out of the experiments using anesthesia after 14 days by total heart bleeding. The content of thiobarbituric acid reagents was determined in 10 % extract of liver, kidney and lung homogenate.
Results: In 14 days after the CST was applied in rats of different age groups, a significantly higher content of TBA-active lipid peroxidation products was observed compared to control groups of rats of the corresponding age. Under conditions of NBC monotherapy in experimental groups of different aged rats, a decrease in the content of TBA-active lipid peroxidation products occurred in the liver, kidney and lungs, but the result was statistically significant only in the group of mature rats. The injection of a combination of NBC and MSC for the purpose of correction was accompanied by a significantly greater effect compared to rats without correction. After 14 days of post-traumatic period, the content of TBA-active lipid peroxidation products in the liver and kidneys of different aged rats significantly decreased. In these organs, as well as in the lungs of mature rats, the combination therapy showed a greater antioxidant effect compared to rats without correction and rats with NBC monotherapy. The obtained results shed light on the specificity of the systemic antioxidant effect of combined NBC and MSC cell therapy in rats of different age groups with CST, which should be taken into account in the development of cell transplantation strategies under conditions of severe combined trauma. 
Conclusions: Combined transplantation of NBC and MSC during acute period of CST among rats of different age groups is accompanied by a systemic antioxidant effect, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the content of TBA-active lipid peroxidation products in the liver, kidney and lungs, the degree of which is mostly marked among mature rats.
KEY WORDS: cranio-cerebral trauma, skeletal trauma, liver, kidney, lungs, oxidative stress, cell therapy