УДК 616.314-089.818.1: 616.314-089.29-24

Мета – провести огляд наукової літератури й узагальнити результати досліджень, присвячених ортопедичному зубному лікуванню керамічними вінірами. Матеріал та методи. Пошук наукової інформації щодо ортопедичного зубного лікування керамічними вінірами проводився з використанням баз даних PubMed та Web of Science. У дослідженні використано бібліосеман-тичний та аналітичний методи. Результати. Вініри дають змогу відновлювати форму та колір окремо взятого зуба чи групи зубів, але, на відміну від коронок, вони покривають не весь зуб, а лише одну чи дві його поверхні. Саме слово «вінір» походить від англійського дієслова «to veneer» – «облицьовувати», «покривати тонким шаром». Сучасні вініри виготовляють меншою мірою (прямим методом) з композитів, більшою мірою – із кераміки. Сьогодні на стоматологічному ринку існує багато різноманітних видів кераміки. Водночас, у стоматологіч- ному середовищі тривають дискусії щодо переваг та недоліків тих чи інших видів кераміки, особливостей їх препарування, показників клінічного успіху тощо. У статті розглянуто питання показів і протипоказів до застосування керамічних вінірів. Описано основні види препарування зубів під вініри. Приділено увагу методам отримання відбитків для виготовлення вінірів і виготовленню тимчасових конструкцій з захисною та естетичною метою. Проаналізовано властивості основних видів кераміки, з яких виготовляються вініри. Представлено основні аспекти обробки поверхні кераміки і твердих тканин зуба перед цементуванням та особливості самої фіксації на цемент. Розглянуті показники тривалості використання керамічних вінірів. Висновки. Керамічні вініри успішно використовуються в естетичній стоматології вже понад 30 років. Вдале функціонування вінірів залежить від того, наскільки правильно проведено препарування, обрано матеріал і дизайн конструкції. Основним видом ускладнення, пов’язаним з функціо- нуванням вінірів, є сколи кераміки. Більш часте використання в практич- ній роботі міцнісних типів кераміки, з-поміж яких особливо слід вирізнити склокераміку (пресовану), яка ще й є досконалою за своїми естетичними характеристиками, допоможе зменшити частоту ускладнень. Ключові слова: керамічні вініри, естетичне зубне протезування.

Abstract.
The purpose of the study was to conduct a review of the scientific literature and summarize the results of studies devoted to orthopedic dental treatment with ceramic veneers. Materials and methods. The search for scientific information on orthopedic dental treatment with ceramic veneers was carried out using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The solution of the tasks set in the work was carried out using a systematic approach in the selection of material, methods of inductive and logical analysis. Bibliosemantic and analytical methods were used in the study. Results and discussion. One of the most popular types of contemporary aesthetic prosthetics is the restoration of tooth crown defects using ceramic veneers. Ceramic veneers have been extensively and successfully used to mask intrinsic staining, to give the appearance of straightening, and to correct minor malformations of anterior teeth without the removal of substantial amounts of tooth structure. A list of indications and contraindications for porcelain veneers is followed by their preparation designs, with emphasis on the importance of maintaining the preparation boundaries within the enamel. Impression-taking procedures, provisional restoration fabrication, the choice of porcelain materials and the main aspects of processing the ceramic surface and hard tooth tissue before cementation and the features of cement fixation are presented. The continued development of dental ceramics offers clinicians many options for creating highly aesthetic and functional porcelain veneers. Nowadays the introduction of milled glass-ceramic materials is expected to overcome the fracture issue due to the enhanced strength of this material as compared to the original feldspathic formulations. Conclusion. Ceramic veneers have been successfully used in aesthetic dentistry for over 30 years. Further success of dental veneers depends on the ability of the preparation to be carried out correctly, the material and technique chosen for prosthetics and is directly correlated with the level of the doctor’s competence in this field. The main type of complication associated with the functioning of veneers is ceramic chipping. More frequent use in practical work of strong types of ceramics, among which glass ceramics (pressed), which are also perfect in terms of their aesthetic characteristics, will allow to reduce the frequency of complications. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to the features of the clinical and laboratory stages of production of ceramic veneers in the improvement studies for dentists on the faculties of postgraduate education. Keywords: ceramic veneers, esthetic dental treatment.


The study was devoted to establishing the character of the disturbances content level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the
serum of guinea pigs under the conditions of experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress and to evaluate the effectiveness of the thiocetam use. Experimental studies were performed on 50 guinea pigs, which were divided into three groups. The concentration of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in the blood serum was determined. Experimental combined pathology was accompanied by a gradual and significant increase in the blood content of TNF-α and IL-6 with the highest degree of manifestation on day 15 of the experiment and significant depletion of anti-inflammatory cytokine, indicating a significant predominance of proinflammatory activity of the cytokine profile. The administration of thiocetam had a positive effect on the cytokine profile and contributed to a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine link and a significant increase in the level of interleukin-10 under conditions of experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress.

Aim. Study of antioxidant (antiradical) activity of 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivatives. Methods. In vitro study of antiradical/scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals inhibition assay; IC50 values determination. Results. The series of 29 modified derivatives of 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine were evaluated
for their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals in conditions close to physiological at 5 mM concentration, and the IC50 values were determined for the most promising compounds using the serial dilutions method. The structure - antiradical activity correlations were performed and possible mechanisms of action were discussed. Conclusions. Tested 6,7-dihydro-5Himidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivatives possess a moderate level of antiradical/scavenging activity.

The research found a rapid increase in the level of immunoglobulin M, starting from the 3 rd day of the experiment in comparison with the control values, which clearly indicates its activation in particular, and stimulation of humoral immunity in general. In the later stages (on the 5 th and 15 th days) of the formation of experimental periodontitis (EP) and immobilization stress (IS), an increase of this indicator by 93.5% and 94.2% was found, respectively, against group I guinea pigs (p≤0, 05).
Regarding the content of immunoglobulin G in the blood, the highest growth rates were recorded in the fourth group of guinea pigs with EP and IS (on the 15 th day), which indicates a direct dependence of the duration of damaging factors on the level of these indicators and the body's ability to the protective response.
The results of the treatment showed the effect and the reduction of the activity of the studied classes of immunoglobulins. Thus, the use of thiocetam led to a significant decrease in 209 the content of Ig M and G in the blood, respectively, by 33.8% (p1≤0.05) and 41.7% (p1≤0.05) in EP and IS compared with the group of animals were not exposed to this drug, which indicates the immunocorrective effect of this drug on the studied tests.

After three years of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, main tasks as to treatment and vaccination are still pending their solution. Today, it is known that SARS-CoV 2 coronaviruses are intracellular viral infections having an inevitable negative impact on all cells of the human body, including the blood cells. It is established that COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Modern literature does not describe ultrastructural changes of circulatory blood cells in patients with moderate course of this disease.