UDC: 618.19-091.8-06:616-089.843
One of the current vectors of modern reconstructive and cosmetic surgery is augmentation mammoplasty - an operation to enlarge the mammary glands. The breast implant is well tolerated by the body, as the immunogenicity of its material is extremely low. At the same time, the silicone gel of the implant is a foreign object and the surrounding breast tissues give a stereotypical response in the form of growth of the connective tissue stroma with the formation of a capsule around the implant and the appearance of focal cellular infiltrates. Modern breast implants, unlike implants of previous decades, are more sophisticated in their structure, and the level of protection against damage is much higher. A complication associated with the long-term use (up to 20 years) of implants, where low-quality silicone or industrial silicone was used as a filler, is the penetration of low-molecular-weight particles of the implant through its shell to the surrounding tissues with the subsequent formation of silicone granules. In the vast majority, such changes develop after mechanical traumatization of the implant. The purpose of the study is to establish the morphological criteria of the reaction of breast tissue after silicone implant damage. The material for research was histological micropreparations of breast tissue from the archive of the "Grace Clinic" (Kyiv), with the mutual consent of patients who applied for repeated mammoplasty. The duration of the implants in the breast gland was from 6 to 20 years. The age range of the women was from 36 to 53 years. On preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin, tissue biopsies of the glands of 9 patients with a diagnosis of deformation of silicone implants and violation of the integrity of their wall were presented. The micropreparations were visualized using a UlabXSP-137TLED light microscope at various magnifications and photographed with an XCAM 1080P camera. The study of histological preparations of soft tissues of the breast glands, from which silicone implants were removed, established changes in stromal-cellular elements, namely: decorated fibrous structures accumulated in the form of dense capsules with elements of local contractures; from the side of cellular elements, the most demonstrative were cellular infiltrates, which included macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, which indicated a high probability of a chronic inflammatory process. A large number of giant multinucleated cells of foreign bodies were present in practically all examined sections, which indicated the impossibility of macrophages to complete phagocytosis with lysis of the phagocytosed material, which by its chemical composition is the silicone of the implant. All the described phenomena can be interpreted as a natural reaction of the tissues to the implant, the contents of which got into the soft tissues of the breast. Thus, the presence of numerous giant multinucleated cells of foreign bodies, dense capsules with elements of local contractures, and a significant predominance of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in cellular infiltrates over other cellular elements can be considered a morphological criterion for the reaction of breast tissue to silicone implant damage. Keywords: mammary/breast gland, breast implant, breast silicone implant damage, aesthetic surgery, microscopy, histopathological diagnosis, implant-associated fibrotic changes.

On May 2, 2024, Professor Alexander Lutsyk – histologist, long-term head of the Histology and Embryology Department (1989–2020), Vice-Rector for International Relations (1997–2000), Vice-Rector for Research (2000–2014) of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (LNMU) – celebrates his 70th anniversary.

УДК 616-008.9+616.314-002.4+616.31-085

The article highlights the correlation between the indicators of the immunological status of the oral fluid and the intensity of the periodontal inflammatory process in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis who live under the conditions of complex effects of environmental pollution and fluorine and iodine deficiency. We evaluated the condition of the periodontal tissues of children aged 7, 12, 15 years based on clinical data and indicators of the papillary-marginal alveolar index (PMA), which was used to determine the intensity of the periodontal inflammatory process (G. Parma, 1960; Masler, 1967). The level of leukocytes and the content of immunoglobulins lg A, M, and G were determined in the children's oral fluid, which reflected the immunological status of the examined children. To study and analyze the relationship between the indicators of the immunological status of children's oral fluid and the PMA index, a correlation analysis of these parameters was conducted. It was established that with the in- crease in the age of children, the number of leukocytes (τ=0.81) and PMA index levels (τ=0.83) increase statistically significantly (p<0.001). The study revealed the presence of negative, statistically significant (p<0.001), correlations between children's age and concentrations of immunoglobulins – IgA (τ=-0.83), IgM (τ=-0.83), IgG (τ=- 0.83). There are statistically significant correlations (strong and medium strength) between the PMA indices' values and all chil- dren's immunological indicators. A direct correlation has been established between PMA indices and the number of leukocytes; and there is a negative correlation between PMA indices and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG).

Key words: chronic catarrhal gingivitis, children, environmental situation.

У статті висвітлені кореляційні залежності між показниками імунологічного статусу ротової рідини та інтенсивністю запального процесу пародонту у дітей з хронічним катаральним гінгівітом, які проживають в умовах комплексного впливу екологічного забруднення та фтор-, йод дефіциту. Нами проведено оцінку стану тканин пародонта дітей 7,12,15 років на основі клінічних даних та показників папілярно-маргінально-альвеолярного індексу (РМА), який використовували для визначення інтенсивності запального процесу пародонту (G. Parma, 1960; Masler, 1967). У ротовій рідині дітей з′ясовували рівень лейкоцитів, вміст імуноглобулінів lg А, М, G, які відображали імунологічний статус у обстежених дітей.  З метою вивчення і аналізу взаємозв’язку між показниками імунологічного статусу ротової рідини дітей та індексом РМА було проведено кореляційний аналіз цих параметрів. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням віку дітей статистично значуще (p<0,001) зростають: кількість лейкоцитів (τ=0,81), а також рівні індексів PMA (τ=0,83). Дослідження виявило, наявність негативних, статистично достовірних (p<0,001), кореляційних зв’язків між віком дітей та концентраціями імуноглобулінів – ІgА (τ=-0,83), ІgM (τ=-0,83), ІgG (τ=-0,83). Між величинами індексів PMA і між імунологічними показниками усіх дітей існують статистично достовірні кореляційні зв’язки (сильні та середньої сили). Пряма кореляційна залежність встановлена між індексами PMA та кількістю лейкоцитів; а негативна кореляційна залежність – між індексами PMA та імуноглобулінами (ІgА, ІgM, ІgG).

Ключові слова: лейкоцити, імуноглобуліни, хронічний катаральний гінгівіт, діти, екологічна ситуація.

The article is dedicated to the life and professional journey of Oleksandr Filts – a renowned Ukrainian psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and scholar. It outlines the key milestones of his career and his contributions to the development of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and organizational work in Ukraine and Europe. Particular attention is paid to Oleksandr Filt's innovative concepts, academic achievements, and authority among the Ukrainian and international psychotherapeutic community.

Background/Aims. Changes in autonomic regulation and psychological distress play an important role in the pathobiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of the current study is to evaluate the autonomic function and to link it to the levels of somatization in adolescents with IBS.
Methods. We enrolled 30 adolescents with various types of IBS and 35 healthy controls. Time and frequency domain indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured in supine (baseline) and standing (orthostasis) positions using short-term electrocardiographic recordings. The somatic symptoms index was assessed with the modified Screening for Somatoform Symptoms questionnaire.
Results. Adolescents with IBS showed no differences of HRV parameters in the supine position compared to healthy control. In orthostasis, a decrease in the standard deviation of normal RR intervals as well as main spectral index total power (TP) were observed. The reduction of TP was attributed to the reduced activities of the high- and low frequency components. Increased somatic symptoms index in IBS patients negatively correlated with TP in orthostasis (r = –0.485, P = 0.007). A subgroup analysis revealed that adolescents with IBS with TP values either < 2500 msec2 or > 5500 msec2 in the supine position demonstrated significantly reduced activity of the low frequency component.
Conclusions. Adolescents with IBS showed signs of autonomic dysfunction only during the orthostatic test, which were associated with increased somatization scores. Further research is needed to establish the links between emotional wellbeing and autonomic function in this population.
Key Words: Adolescent; Heart rate; Irritable bowel syndrome; Medically unexplained symptoms primary dysautonomias