Abstract:  
Objective: Toothache, often caused by tooth decay, cracks, or sensitivity to temperature, is one of the most distressing types of pain. Medicinal plants have long been used in traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge for treating toothache. This study aims to identify medicinal plants used in Iranian ethnobotanical practices to alleviate toothache.
Methodology: In this review, articles were searched using keywords such as medicinal plants, Iran, tooth, toothache, and ethnobotany. Databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized for the search. Relevant ethnobotanical articles were reviewed for this study.
Results: Medicinal herbs such as Origanum vulgare, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica L., Mentha spicata L., Ferula persica Willd, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Perovskia abrotanoides Kar., Dianthus caryophyllus, Viola odorata, Astragalus verus, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Thymus danensis are identified as some of the most effective plants against toothache in traditional medicine.
Conclusion: Iran's diverse herbal flora and rich ethnobotanical knowledge offer valuable insights and resources for the treatment of toothache. The findings of this study highlight the importance of incorporating this traditional knowledge into pharmacological research to develop effective anti-toothache.
Objective: Plants are an excellent source of phenolic compounds, which are among the most important antioxidant substances. The antioxidant properties of medicinal plants have prompted researchers to use them in the food, health and pharmaceutical industries.
Methods: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of the methanol extract of the medicinal plants of Salsola rigida (Salsola orientalis) and wheat. The aerial parts of these plants were dried and ground. Then plant samples were prepared using homogenized methanol. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the mentioned plants was evaluated using ferric iron reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).
Results: The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity for Salsola rigida and wheat was 0.77 and 2.20 Fe2+ mmol L-1, respectively. Based on our findings, wheat showed strong antioxidant activity and S. rigida showed little antioxidant capacity.
Conclusion: It is recommended to use the medicinal plants of S.rigida and wheat due to antioxidant effects against free radicals. Antioxidant medicines or supplements can be produced from the mentioned plants.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus first emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide. Despite the absence of a vaccination or authorized drug specifically developed to combat this infection, certain medications recommended for other diseases have shown potential effectiveness in treating COVID-19, although without definitive confirmation. This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on the efficacy of these medications against COVID-19. The review encompasses various potential treatments, including antiviral medications, anti-malaria and anti-rheumatic drugs, vaccines, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antipyretic and analgesic medicines, antiparasitic drugs, and statins. The analysis also addresses the potential benefits and drawbacks of these medications, as well as their effects on hypertension and diabetes. Although these therapies hold promise against COVID-19, further research, including suitable product production or clinical testing, is needed to establish their therapeutic efficacy.

This review summarizes the scientific knowledge concerning the impact of vitamins, magnesium, and trace elements on various mechanisms contributing to the possible treatment and prevention of COVID-19, including its delayed consequences. A search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.- gov, and Web of Science. Among the main mechanisms involved in the effects of the studied micronutrients, immune-boosting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were also highlighted. The analyzed clinical trials confirmed that supplementation with higher daily doses of some micronutrients can reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load and hospitalization time. The potential role of most known vitamins in preventing, treating COVID-19, and rehabilitating patients was considered. The most promising agents for combating COVID-19 and its consequences might be the following vitamins: vitamin D, ascorbic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and some B complex vitamins. Inorganic elements deserving attention include magnesium and trace elements, such as zinc, selenium, copper, and iron. Some associations were found between micronutrient deficiencies and COVID-19 severity in children, adults, and older people. Patients can obtain the aforementioned micronutrients from natural food sources or as supplements/- drugs in various dosage forms. The reviewed micronutrients might be considered adjunctive treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; ascorbic acid; copper; fat-soluble vitamins; iron; magnesium; micronutrients; selenium; vitamin B complex; zinc..

The study aims to review the involvement of different dietary habits in Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese populations in reducing COVID19 impact.
Materials and Methods. The methods of collection, systematization, analysis and generalization of information data have been used. The analysis of literature in scientific databases and analytical platforms by the listed keywords has been performed; all relevant references in the found sources have also been reviewed.
Results and Discussion. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by a highly pathogenic human coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. Current epidemiology reported that more than 500 million cases of COVID-19 occurred in more than 180 countries worldwide. When the upper respiratory tract gets infected
by low pathogenetic HCoVs, it typically triggers a mild respiratory disease. In contrast, when the lower airways get infected by highly pathogenic HCoVs, such as SARSCoV2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur and even fatal pneumonia. Such a situation causes the need for an urgent search of effective treatment measures. A very low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos and Cambodia, as well as low mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Vietnam and Laos, are extremely interesting, especially because of their early exposure to the virus, continuing ties to China, relative poverty, and high population density. The use of several spices and aromatic herbs as natural treatments for several illnesses, including viral infections, has been reported since a long time ago. The research reviewed three integral elements of Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese diets, such as special culinary spices and herbs, coconut oil, and palm oil-rich for saturated fatty acids as well as fermented shrimp paste. Environmental and population genetic
causes may be forwarded but moreover local dietary habits may have even a role in this evidence. Therefore, all these items highlight the possibility of a significant contribution of local cuisine and diet into the impact on  appropriate anti-inflammatory and immune-resistant mechanisms of the human population.
Conclusions. The review on Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos inhabitants' diet helped to suggest the dietary factors having the contributing potential of reducing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms

Keywords: COVID-19, spices and herbs, Indo-Chinese cousin, ginger, black pepper, coconut oil, fermented shrimp paste