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Кісти  яєчників  часто  діагностують  у  молодих  жінок  репродуктивного  віку.  Вважається,  що  майже  у  7%  жінок  у всьому  світі  виявляють  симптомну  кісту  протягом  життя.  Функціональні  кісти  яєчників  (ФКЯ)  посідають  одне  з провідних  місць  у  структурі  гінекологічних  захворювань  (45–55%)  у  жінок  репродуктивного  віку.  Функціональні кісти не є справжніми новоутвореннями і розглядаються як варіант нормального фізіологічного процесу. Ретенційні  утворення  яєчників  виявляють  у  7,8%  клінічно  здорових  жінок  та  у  кожної  другої  (52,3%)  пацієнтки  з болем  унизу  живота  або  з  порушеннями  менструального  циклу.  Дослідження  ФКЯ  стосувались  переважно  кіст, що виникли після індукції овуляції; дослідження спонтанних фолікулярних кіст є обмеженими, також дискутується питання щодо впливу ФКЯ на фертильність та оваріальний резерв.

Мета дослідження: аналіз менеджменту пацієнток з ФКЯ у реальній клінічній практиці.

Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективне когортне дослідження «випадок–контроль» за участю 350 жінок віком від 19 до 39 років, у яких у період з 2020 р. по 2022 р. були виявлені новоутворення яєчників. Аналізували скарги, дані анамнезу, застосовувані методи діагностики та лікування новоутворень.

Результати. За клінічними даними пацієнтки були розподілені на три групи. До І групи увійшли 122 (34,9%) жінки, у яких вперше за відсутності симптомів і скарг новоутворення яєчника були виявлені під час проведення УЗД органів  малого  таза.  До  ІІ  групи  включено  116  (33,1%)  пацієнток,  які  вперше  звернулись  по  медичну  допомогу  зі скаргами на періодичний односторонній біль різного характеру, відчуття дискомфорту у нижній частині живота. До третьої групи увійшли 112 (32,0%) жінок, які були госпіталізовані ургентно зі скаргами на гострий біль і відчуття тиску у нижніх відділах живота, здуття, слабкість, запаморочення. Серед пацієнток цієї групи у 53 (47,3%) жінок наявність новоутворень в яєчниках було діагностовано раніше (в межах 2,6±0,7 року).У  досліджуваній  когорті  серед  виявлених  новоутворень  у  253  (72,3%)  жінок  за  даними  УЗД  були  верифіковані функціональні (фолікулярна кіста і кіста жовтого тіла) кісти яєчника.

Висновки.  Поширеність  функціональних  кіст  яєчників  у  жінок,  що  не  мають  клінічних  проявів,  як  ультразвукових знахідок становить 78,7%, серед них переважають фолікулярні кісти (66,4%). У 23,8% безсимптомних жінок з функціональними кістами яєчника діагностували безплідність. У 34,5% жінок з функціональними кістами яєчника, які мають клінічну симптоматику, переважають порушення менструального циклу.

Ovarian cysts are common in young women of reproductive age. It is estimated that around 7% of women worldwide expe-rience  a  symptomatic  cyst  during  their  lifetime.  Functional  ovarian  cysts  (FOCs)  occupy  one  of  the  leading  places  in  the structure of gynecological diseases (45-55%) in women of reproductive age. Functional cysts are not true neoplasms and are considered as a variant of a normal physiological process.Ovarian  retention  formations  are  found  in  7.8%  of  clinically  healthy  women  and  in  every  second  (52.3%)  patient  with  lower abdominal pain or menstrual cycle disorders. Studies of FOCs have mainly concerned cysts that arose after ovulation induction, studies of spontaneous follicular cysts are limited, the question of the effect of FOCs on fertility and ovarian reserve is debated.

The objective: to analyze the management of patients with FOCs in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. A retrospective case-control cohort study was conducted with the participation of 350 women aged 19 to 39 years who were diagnosed with ovarian neoplasms between 2020 and 2022. Complaints, anamnesis data, applied meth-ods of diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms were analyzed.

Results. According to clinical data, the cases were divided into 3 groups. The I group included 122 (34.9%) women in whom, in the absence of symptoms and complaints, ovarian neoplasms were detected for the first time during pelvic ultrasound.The II group consisted of 116 (33.1%) female patients, who for the first time applied for an examination due to complaints of periodic unilateral pain of various nature, a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen.The III group included 112 (32.0%) women who were urgently hospitalized with complaints of acute pain and pressure in the lower  abdomen,  bloating,  weakness,  dizziness.  Among  the  patients  of  this  group,  53  (47.3%)  women  had  ovarian  neoplasms diagnosed earlier (within 2.6±0.7 years).Among the studied cohort, according to ultrasound data, functional (follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts) ovarian cysts were verified among the detected neoplasms in 253 (72.3%) women.

Conclusions. The prevalence of functional ovarian cysts in women that do not have clinical manifestations as ultrasound findings is 78.7%, among them follicular cysts predominate (66.4%). Infertility occurs in 23.8% of asymptomatic women with functional ovarian cysts. In 34.5% of women with functional ovarian cysts who have clinical symptoms, menstrual cycle disorders prevail.

Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic effects, and possible health benefits in vivo and in vitro, as well as reported clinical studies. Considering their free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, these substances can be used to treat different kinds of conditions associated with metabolic disorders. Many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MtS), including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, elevated blood sugar, accelerating aging, liver intoxication, hypertension, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are substantially relieved by dietary PPs. The present study explores the bioprotective properties and associated underlying mechanisms of PPs. A detailed understanding of these natural compounds will open up new opportunities for producing unique natural PP-rich dietary and medicinal plans, ultimately affirming their health benefits.

Keywords: bioprotective property; metabolic syndrome; natural sources; phenolic compounds; therapeutic effect.

The current review provides an up-to-date analysis of scientific data on astaxanthin (ASX) sources and experimental studies on its health benefits as a potent antioxidant in the aging process. ASX is a liposoluble carotenoid nutrient and reddish-orange pigment, naturally synthesized by numerous microalgae, yeasts, and bacteria as secondary metabolites. Provides a reddish hue to redfish and shellfish flesh that feed on ASX-producing microorganisms. The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is the most important source for its industrial bioproduction. Due to its strong antioxidant properties, numerous investigations reported that natural ASX is a more significant antioxidant agent than other antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene. Furthermore, several data show that ASX possesses important nutraceutical applications and health benefits, especially in healthy aging processes. However, further studies are needed for a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms through which ASX could lead to its effective role in the healthy aging process, such as supporting brain health and skin homeostasis. This review highlights the current investigations on the effective role of ASX in oxidative stress, aging mechanisms, skin physiology, and central nervous system functioning, and shows the potential clinical implications related to its consumption.

Keywords: antioxidant supplementation; astaxanthin; carotenoid; health benefit; human aging; neuroprotection; reactive oxygen species; skin protection.


The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly dramatic concern for mankind. In Italy, the pandemic exerted its major impact throughout the period of February to June 2020. To date, the awkward amount of more than 134,000 deaths has been reported. Yet, post-mortem autopsy was performed on a very modest number of patients who died from COVID-19 infection, leading to a first confirmation of an immune-thrombosis of the lungs as the major COVID-19 pathogenesis, likewise for SARS. Since then (June-August 2020), no targeted early therapy considering this pathogenetic issue was approached. The patients treated with early anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy confirmed that COVID-19 was an endothelial inflammation with immuno-thrombosis. Patients not treated or scarcely treated with the most proper and appropriate therapy and in the earliest, increased the hospitalization rate in the intensive care units and also mortality, due to immune-thrombosis from the pulmonary capillary district and alveoli. The disease causes widespread endothelial inflammation, which can induce damage to various organs and systems. Therapy must be targeted in this consideration, and in this review, we demonstrate how early anti-inflammatory therapy may treat endothelia inflammation and immune-thrombosis caused by COVID-19, by using drugs we are going to recommend in this paper.

Keywords: immunopharmacology; immunotoxicology; infection; inflammation; pharmacoepidemiology.

Pandolfi S, Chirumbolo S, Ricevuti G, Valdenassi L, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Doşa MD, Lenchyk L, Fazio S. Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a suitable proposal. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Feb;130(2):225-239. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13690

(1) Background: Italy accounts for more than 150,000 deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading the top rank in SARS-CoV-2-caused deceases in Europe. A survey on the different ways by which the COVID-19 pandemic emergency was managed in the foreign European countries compared to Italy is the purpose of this paper. (2) Methods: A literature search and various mathematical algorithms to approach a rank scoring scale were used to describe in detail the different approaches used by European countries to manage the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. (3) Results: The study showed that Italy stands at the bottom ranking for COVID-19 management due to its high mortality rate. Possible causes of the observed huge numbers of hospitalization and deaths were (a) the demographic composition of the European country; (b) its decentralized healthcare system organization; (c) the role of correct pharmacology in the early stages before hospitalization. Post-mortem examinations were of paramount importance to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 and to tailor a suitable and proper therapy in the early symptomatic stages of COVID-19, preventing hospitalization. (4) Conclusions: Factors such as the significant impact on elderly people, the public health organization prevalently state-owned and represented mainly by hospitals, and criticism of the home therapy approach toward SARS-CoV-2-infected people, may have concurred in increasing the number of COVID-19 deaths in Italy.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology; deaths rate; healthcare system; paracetamol.